Peritoneal cavity

Question 1

abdominal cavity: features

Answer 1

• btw diaphragm and sup pelvic aperture (pelvic brim)
• anterolateral ab wall (entirely musculofascial)
• sufficient thickness and strength
• adequate protection for viscera
• posterolateral wall (lumbar spine, ilium, thorax (ribs)) also musculofascial component

Question 2

abdominal cavity: contains (7)

Answer 2

• peritoneum (continuous 2 layers of serous membrane)
• fat
• digestive organs
• urinary organs
• suprarenal glands
• spleen
• nerves and blood vessels

Question 3

peritoneum: name 2 layers

Answer 3

• parietal

- visceral

Question 4

peritoneum: parietal

Answer 4

• lines abdominopelvic cavity
• v loose, allows movement of organs
• change bladder size and rectum

Question 5

peritoneum: visceral

Answer 5

• invests organs

- suspends them

Question 6

peritoneal cavity:

Answer 6

• potential space btw parietal and visceral peritoneum
• largest serous membrane in body
• completely closed in males, open at lateral ends of uterine tubes to communicate w ext
• serous fluid lubricates visceral p and allows mobile viscera to glide

Question 7

in relation to peritoneum abdominal organs are classified as:

Answer 7

• intraperitoneal

- extra/retroperitoneal

Question 8

intraperitoneal organs:

Answer 8

almost completely covered w visceral peritoneum, has supporting mesentery

Question 9

retroperitoneal organs:

Answer 9

partially covered w visceral/parietal peritoneum without supporting mesentery

Question 10

list intraperitoneal organs: (13)

Answer 10

• oesophagus
• stomach
• liver
• spleen
• pancreas TAIL
• first part of duodenum
• jejunum
• ilium
• cecum
• appendix
• transverse colon
• sigmoid colon
• uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries

Question 11

list retroperitoneal organs: primary

Answer 11

• urinary bladder
• kidneys
• ureters
• suprarenal glands
• rectum (lower 1/3)

Question 12

list retroperitoneal organs: secondary

Answer 12

• duodenum (second and third part)
• head, neck, body of pancreas
• ascending and descending colon

Question 13

embryology: parietal peritoneum

Answer 13

derived from somatic mesoderm

Question 14

embryology: visceral peritoneum

Answer 14

derived from splanchnic mesoderm

Question 15

parietal peritoneum: nerve supply

Answer 15

somatic nerve supply:

• T7- T11 intercostal n
• T12 subcostal
• L1 (iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nn)

EXTREMELY PAIN SENSITIVE

Question 16

visceral peritoneum: nerve supply

Answer 16

• autonomic nervous system
  parasympathetic: vagus n and parasympathetic fibres from spinal cord levels S2-S4

sympathetic fibres: sympathetic trunk at spinal cord levels T5-L2

Question 17

parts of peritoneum:

Answer 17

• double layers of peritoneum form during development of gut to suspend developing organs to coelomic cavity

folds classified as:

• mesenteries
• omenta (greater and lesser)
• peritoneal ligs

Question 18

mesentery: features

Answer 18

• double layer of peritoneum connecting organ to post ab wall
• core of ct. and variable amounts of fat
• carries neurovascular and lymphatic structures

Question 19

mesentery: name them

Answer 19

• mesentery of small intestine (extends obliquely from duodenojejunal junction to ileocolic junction)
• transverse mesocolon
• sigmoid mesocolon

Question 20

omentum: features

Answer 20

• double layer of peritoneum connecting stomach to surrounding organs

Question 21

omentum: greater

Answer 21

• large apron-like peritoneal fold
• hangs down from greater curvature of stomach and proximal part of duodenum
• then folds back and attaches to transverse colon

Question 22

omentum: lesser

Answer 22

• connects lesser curvature of stomach and proximal part of duodenum to liver

Question 23

peritoneal ligs: features

Answer 23

• double layer of peritoneum connecting organ to another organ or ab wall
• stomach ligs
• liver ligs

Question 24

peritoneal ligs: stomach

Answer 24

• gastrophrenic
• gastrosplenic
• gasstrocolic

Question 25

peritoneal ligs: liver

Answer 25

- falciform - hepatogastric - hepatoduodenal

Question 26

peritoneal cavity: name them

Answer 26

- greater peritoneal sac | - lesser peritoneal sac or omental bursa

Question 27

peritoneal cavity: greater peritoneal sac

Answer 27

- entire peritoneal cavity but for omental bursa

Question 28

peritoneal cavity: lesser peritoneal sac or omental bursa

Answer 28

- lies post to stomach and adjacent structures - superior recess: below diaphragm - inferior recess: btw layers of greater omentum

Question 29

omental bursa: name boundaries of omental foramen (epiploic)

Answer 29

- ant - post - sup - inf

Question 30

omental bursa: ant boundary

Answer 30

- portal v - hepatic aa - bile duct = portal triad

Question 31

omental bursa: post boundary

Answer 31

- IVC | - R crus of liver

Question 32

omental bursa: sup boundary

Answer 32

caudate liver lobe

Question 33

omental bursa: inf boundary

Answer 33

first part of duodenum

Question 34

peritoneal cavity: transverse mesocolon divides abdominal cavity into

Answer 34

- supracolic compartment | - infracolic compartment

Question 35

supracolic compartment contains:

Answer 35

- stomach - liver - spleen

Question 36

infracolic compartment contains:

Answer 36

- small intestine | - ascending/ descending colon

Question 37

eg. peritonitis:

Answer 37

- flow of inflammatory exudate, abscess formation - peritoneal adhesions - inflammation, infection, v painful, potentially fatal

Question 38

eg. ascites:

Answer 38

- fluid in omental bursa - intestine in omental bursa - sign of liver disease, portal hypertension