ABG

Question 1

used to identify specific acid-base disturbances and the extent of compensation

Answer 1

Blood gas analysis

Question 2

Blood gas analysis typically relies on

Answer 2

arterial blood sample

Question 3

essential for evaluating how well the lungs provide oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

Answer 3

Arterial blood gas (ABG)

Question 4

ABG levels are measured where

Answer 4

radial, brachial, or femoral artery

Question 5

arterial puncture is obtained via

Answer 5

indwelling arterial catheter.

Question 6

base (a type of alkaline substance) that helps keep the pH of your blood balanced

Answer 6

Bicarbonate levels

Question 7

shows the adequacy of the gas exchange between the alveoli and the external environment

Answer 7

PaCO2 or partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Question 8

Normal PaCO₂ level:

Answer 8

35 to 45 mmHg

Question 9

in hypoventilation CO2____

Answer 9

builds up leads to respiratory acidosis (blood becomes too acidic)

Question 10

in hyperventilation, CO2___

Answer 10

goes down eads to respiratory alkalosis (blood becomes too basic)

Question 11

indicates the amount of oxygen available to bind with hemoglobin

Answer 11

PaO2 or partial pressure of oxygen or PAO2

Question 12

For PaO2, the normal range is

Answer 12

75 to 100 mmHg

Question 13

amount of oxygen
in the blood that combines with hemoglobin.

Answer 13

SO2 or oxygen saturation

Question 14

Oxygen saturation, the normal range is

Answer 14

95–100%

Question 15

an alkaline substance that comprises over half of
the total buffer base in the blood

Answer 15

HCO3 or bicarbonate ion

Question 16

For HCO3, the normal range is

Answer 16

22 to 26 mEq/L

Question 17

tells us if there’s too much or too little base (like bicarbonate) in the blood

Answer 17

Base excess

Question 18

Six Components of ABG

Answer 18

pH is hydrogen ions

PaCO2 or partial pressure of carbon dioxide

PaO2 or partial pressure of oxygen

SO2 or oxygen saturation

HCO3 or bicarbonate ion

Base excess or BE value

Question 19

Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) test provides important information about three
key areas:

Answer 19

acid-base status

ventilation

arterial oxygenation

Question 20

ABG tests can help diagnose conditions such as

Answer 20

acute respiratory
distress syndrome (ARDS),

severe sepsis

septic shock

hypovolemic
shock

diabetes-related ketoacidosis (DKA),

Question 21

a syringe used to draw the sample.

Answer 21

heparinized blood gas syringe

Question 22

If bicarbonate is low (< 22) this means

Answer 22

metabolic acidosis (blood is too acidic)

Question 23

bicarbonate is high (> 26)

Answer 23

means metabolic alkalosis (blood is too basic)

Question 24

helps neutralize acids and keeps your blood’s pH balanced.

Answer 24

HCO₃⁻, or bicarbonate, is a basic (alkaline)

Question 25

Complications

Answer 25

Pain Hematoma Formation Arterial Spasm Thrombosis Arterial Occlusion Infection Hemorrhage

Question 26

When beginning, altering, or stopping oxygen therapy, wait at least how many minutes before taking arterial blood

Answer 26

20 minutes

Question 27

anesthesia gases that might show incorrect oxygen levels (PO₂

Answer 27

nitrous oxide or halothane

Question 28

Measures the acidity or alkalinity of the blood

Answer 28

pH (Potential of Hydrogen)

Question 29

Reflects the metabolic (renal) component - shows how the kidneys help keep your blood's acid-base balance normal.

Answer 29

HCO₃⁻ (Bicarbonate)

Question 30

commonly used site for ABG collection is the

Answer 30

radial artery

Question 31

to check the adequacy of blood flow through the ulnar artery

Answer 31

Allen’s Test

Question 32

Normal/Positive Allen’s Test:

Answer 32

Color returns to the hand within 5 to 15 seconds

Question 33

Abnormal/Negative Allen’s Test means you do not use what artery

Answer 33

radial artery.

Question 34

used in emergencies for ABG

Answer 34

Femoral Artery