substances measured in the 24-hour urine collection
Proteins
Creatinine
Urea
Electrolytes
Oxalate
Cystine
Uric Acid
test when using the radial artery to confirm adequate collateral circulation
Allen’s test
Refrigerate urine at °C immediately after each void
2–8 °C
When preservatives are present: Refrigeration may not be required, depending on the lab’s instructions T/F
True
Common Preservatives: Acidifies urine
Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
Common Preservatives: Maintains pH
Boric Acid
Common Preservatives: Preserves proteins
Acetic Acid
Common Preservatives: Alkalinizes urine
Sodium
Carbonate
Common Preservatives: Antimicrobial
preservative
Thymol
Interpretation: Indicates possible kidney damage or infection
Proteinuria
Interpretation: indicate urinary tract infection, kidney stones, trauma,
Hematuria
Interpretation: Suggests decreased glomerular filtration and impaired renal function
Elevated creatinine level
Interpretation: Increases the risk of kidney stone formation. Causes include
hyperparathyroidism, excess vitamin D
High calcium or oxalate
levels
Interpretation: Indicates dehydration or impaired kidney function
Low urine volume
Normal Range: Total urine volume
800–2,000 mL/24 hrs
Normal Range: Glucose
0–0.5 g/24 hrs or absent
Normal Range: Protein
<150 mg/24 hrs
Normal Range: Uric acid
250–750 mg/24 hrs
Normal Range: Creatinine
Males:
14–26 mg/kg/day
Females:
11–20 mg/kg/day
Normal Range: Urea
12–20 g/24 hrs
Normal Range: PaO₂
80 – 100 mmHg
Normal Range: PaCO₂
35 – 45 mmHg
Normal Range: Base Excess
–2 to +2 mEq/L
Sites for Arterial Puncture
Radial artery
