Most common cancer type (80–
90%), arising from epithelial cells in
organs and skin
CARCINOMA
cancers developing in
connective tissues like bone,
muscle, and fa
SARCOMA
Cancer of the lymphatic
system forming solid tumors;
divided into Hodgkin and
non-Hodgkin types.
LYMPHOMA
Affects plasma cells in the bone
marrow, disrupting immunity and
causing bone pain, anemia
MYELOMA
Assessed before treatment
using exams and imaging to
estimate cancer spread and
guide therapy choices.
CLINICAL STAGE
Determined after surgery
through tissue analysis,
offering a more accurate
picture of cancer extent and
prognosis.
PATHOLOGICAL STAGE
The tumor is smaller and contained to one area. It hasn’t spread to
nearby lymph nodes or other areas of your body.
Stage I Cancer
The tumor has grown larger and possibly spread to nearby lymph
nodes.
Stage II Cancer
The tumor has grown deeper into surrounding tissues and has
potentially spread to nearby lymph nodes
Stage III
Cancer has spread (metastasized) outside of the original site to
other organs or distant areas of your body. This is also known as
metastatic cancer.
Stage IV
tissue sample for microscopic exam
BIOPSY
study of individual cells or small groups of cells
CYTOLOGY
detect cancer-specific substances in
blood/urine.
TUMOR MARKER IDENTIFICATION
cross-sectional X-ray
images (lungs, abdomen, pelvis, thorax)
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY Computed (CT) SCAN
