1
Q
Play:
A
expressive activity motivated primarily by personal enjoyment
2
Q
Play is a _____ part of childhood.
A
natural
3
Q
Free play is:
A
- freely chosen
- self-directed
- done for its own sake (means are valued more than the ends)
4
Q
Adult directed play (does/does not) count as play.
A
does not
5
Q
Play is the most important ____ of being a child.
A
work
6
Q
Play can be ____ or _____
A
social or solitary
7
Q
Children perceive 4 types of play:
A
- movement focused activities
- creative/imaginative activities
- games and entertainment
- social-relational activities
8
Q
Examples of movement focused activities:
A
- unorganized sports
- rough and tumble
- play fighting
- chasing each other
- outdoor adventure
- playing on playground
9
Q
Examples of creative/imaginative activities:
A
- building legos
- arts and crafts
- make believe activities (mirrors adults)
10
Q
Examples of games and entertainment activities:
A
- board games
- video games
- amusement parks
- listening to music
11
Q
Examples of social-relational activities:
A
socializing with friends, family
12
Q
___ is not considered play but can lead to play.
A
TV
13
Q
Children see almost anything as an…
A
opportunity for play
14
Q
Children will play…
A
- almost anywhere
- not limited to adult-designated play areas
15
Q
Children will play with…
A
almost anyone
16
Q
Activities not classified as play are those that are…
A
- boring
- too serious
- too passive
- too frustrating
- too obligating
17
Q
5 basic competencies children can gain through play:
A
- physicality
- sociality
- sensitivity
- inventiveness
- ambition
18
Q
Physicality:
A
- motor skills
- fitness
- movement awareness
19
Q
Sociality:
A
- social
- relational
- interpersonal skills (eg. cooperation)
- emotional control
20
Q
Sensitivity:
A
- emotional receptivity
- empathy
- kindness
- tenderness towards other living organisms/plants
21
Q
Inventiveness:
A
- creativity
- innovation
22
Q
Ambition:
A
- drive
- ability to utilize other 4 competencies to help overcome difficulties
23
Q
Active play:
A
a form of gross motor or total body movement in which young children exert energy in a freely chosen, fun, and unstructured manner
24
Q
Examples of active play:
A
- swimming
- hide and seek
- tag
- grounder
- active role play (fantasy)
25
Children prefer to play _____.
outside
26
Natural play spaces and elements offer ____ and ____ challenges.
- physical
| - cognitive
27
_____ doesn't matter for most kids.
weather
28
Why are kids more active outdoors?
- more space
| - greater variety of activities
29
Every additional hour spent outdoors was associated with ____ more minutes of daily MVPA, ____ more daily steps, and ____ fewer minutes of daily sedentary time.
- 7
- 762
- 13
30
Children are more physically active when _____ compared to ____.
- with a friend
| - alone
31
Those who spend more time outdoors with friends engage in more _____.
MVPA
32
What did the study for the parent involvement in play show?
- sedentary options and play options
- most physically active when parents participating
- least physically active when alone
33
Who is associated with ecological systems theory?
Urie Bronfenbrenner
34
The ecological systems theory has ______ influences.
bi-directional
35
Interactions between microsystem in ecological systems theory:
mesosystem
36
Give an example of mesosystem in ecological systems theory.
continued participation can be because of parent encouragement and support and a good coach
37
Exosystem examples in ecological systems theory:
- whether the parents have flexible schedules
| - whether the parents have strong social networks
38
Macrosystem examples in ecological systems theory:
- child fitness tax credit (subsidize sport participation fees)
- a common vision
- Active Alberta
39
5 determinants of children's independent active free play:
- child characteristics
- parental restrictions
- neighbourhood and physical environment
- societal changes
- policy issues
40
Child characteristics:
- age (as you increase age, you're more likely to be permitted)
- competence (parental perception)
- gender (usually boys more than girls)
41
Parental restrictions:
- safety concerns
| - surveillance (carry a cell phone)
42
Neighbourhood and physical environment:
- fewer children to play with
- accessibility and proximity of play areas
- maintenance
- differences in preferences for play spaces between parent and child
- need for age appropriate play spaces
43
Societal changes:
- reduced sense of community
- good parenting ideal
- changing roles of parents
- privatization of playtime and play spaces
44
Policy issues:
need to give children a voice
45
Most ____ levels to the child will have a greater influence.
proximal
46
Interaction of levels:
- protective parents might be transferred to child in that child is less likely to do risky play
- if the neighbourhood is unsafe, it restricts the amount of space that the parent allows the child to play
47
Correlates of reduced play in children (since 1950s):
- increased anxiety and depression
- increased suicide rates
- increased narcissism
- decreased empathy
- decreased creative thinking
- decreased internal locus of control and increased external locus of control
48
Why is active free play declining?
- increased focus on schooling
- longer school days, shorter recess
- increased academic homework
- time of freedom --> resume building
- decreased sense of community
- increased irrational fears among parents
- increased adult supervised organized sport
49
The essence of free play is reflected in _____ and _____ activity by the child.
- self-controlled
| - self-directed
50
Protection paradox:
We are so focused on trying to make sure our kids are healthy, safe and happy, that we are having the opposite effect
51
We overprotect kids to keep them safe, but by doing so we set them up to be less _____ and more likely to...
- resilient
| - develop chronic diseases long term
52
Majority of crimes against children and youth in Canada are committed by...
people the child knows
53
Odds of a child luring kidnap by stranger is...
1 in 14 million
54
Canadian children are 8 times more likely to die as a passenger in a vehicle than ...
being struck by a vehicle when on foot or bike
55
Holt et al. examined factors that influence children's active free play. What did he find?
- parent restrictions
- safety concerns
- changing social circumstances
- erosion in sense of community
- feeling of safety in numbers
56
Intergenerational differences in free active play:
- more technology
- less imagination
- few friends to play with
- parents too busy working
57
Children's active play is influenced by these factors:
- child
- parent
- neighbourhood
- societal
- policy
KIN 338
flashcards
Decks in class (19)
# Cards
-
Trends in Physical Activity77
-
Ecological Model and Disparities in PA90
-
Active Play57
-
Active Playground Spaces70
-
Risky Play51
-
PYD Through Sport32
-
A/IYMP24
-
The First Tee Program43
-
Physical Literacy61
-
Early Sport Specialization51
-
Modified Games22
-
Self-Determination Theory85
-
Parents49
-
Peers & Friends72
-
Active Classrooms13
-
Brain Health and Academic Achievement32
-
Policy59
-
Schools21
-
Wrap Up9
