Parents

Question 1

Parenting practices:

Answer 1

• what parents do to support their child’s PA

- goal directed and context specific behaviours

Question 2

Parenting styles:

Answer 2

• how parents interact with their children and the emotional and relational climate that they create
• eg. responsiveness/nurturing, demandingness/control

Question 3

Parenting practices include:

Answer 3

• buying equipment
• emotional support
• paying fees
• connectivity, good role model

Question 4

Parent social support for PA includes:

Answer 4

• resources provided by parents that influence their PA
• emotional support (encouragement, praise, watching, talking)
• instrumental support (transportation, buying equipment, paying fees)
• co-participation in PA

Question 5

ParticipACTION: according to students in grades 9-12, ____% have parents/step parents/guardians who support them in being physically active.

Answer 5

92%

Question 6

ParticipACTION: according to students in grades 9-12, ____% have parents/step parents/guardians who encourage them to be physically active.

Answer 6

73%

Question 7

___% of 18-32 year olds in Canada meet the adult PA guidelines (CHMS).

Answer 7

32%

Question 8

Yao and Rhodes parent support study found that there was a moderate sized association between ….

Answer 8

general parent support for PA and child and youth PA

Question 9

Yao and Rhodes parent support study found that _____ _____ had the strongest effect.

Answer 9

parent encouragement

Question 10

Gender differences in parental modeling of PA:

Answer 10

• father-son PA was significantly higher than mother-son PA

- father-daughter PA was not significantly different than mother-daughter PA

Question 11

Overall conclusion of parental modelling study:

Answer 11

there is small association between parent and child PA

Question 12

Stearns et al. (2016) found that for every 1000 step increase in parents’ steps, children took an additional ____ steps.

Answer 12

260

Question 13

Stearns et al. (2016) conclusion:

Answer 13

physically active parents tend to have physically active children

Question 14

Physical activity self-efficacy:

Answer 14

• belief in the capacity to be physically active (task-self efficacy)
• belief in the capacity to be physically active despite existing barriers (barriers self-efficacy)

Question 15

Social cognitive theory was developed by:

Answer 15

Albert Bandura

Question 16

SCT 4 aspects of self-efficacy judgements:

Answer 16

• performance accomplishments
• vicarious experience
• social persuasion
• physiological and emotional states

Question 17

SCT self-efficacy judgements become:

Answer 17

behaviour/performance

Question 18

Describe the socialization model of child behaviour:

Answer 18

• environment, parent behaviour, child behaviour, parent cognition, child cognition all interact
• bidirectional influences

Question 19

According to the Yao and Rhodes (2016) review, there were no significant differences in….

Answer 19

the association of parental modelling and support and child/youth PA across different ages

Question 20

Demanding parenting styles:

Answer 20

• authoritarian

- authoritative

Question 21

Un-demanding parenting styles:

Answer 21

• uninvoled

- permissive

Question 22

Un-responsive parenting styles:

Answer 22

• authoritarian

- uninvolved

Question 23

Responsive parenting styles:

Answer 23

• authoritative

- permissive

Question 24

SDT =

Answer 24

self determination theory

Question 25

SDT describes the importance of _____ _____, _____ and ______ for promoting PA in children.

Answer 25

- autonomy support - structure - involvement

Question 26

3 components of supportive interactional style:

Answer 26

- autonomy-support - structure - involvement

Question 27

Autonomy-support (supports _____):

Answer 27

- autonomy | - provision of choices and options and the reduction of pressure

Question 28

Structure (supports _____):

Answer 28

- competence | - provision of appropriate feedback and the clarification of expectations to be derived from behaviour

Question 29

Involvement (supports ____):

Answer 29

- relatedness | - individuals feel that others are genuinely interested in their health and well-being

Question 30

4 types of hyper-parenting:

Answer 30

- helicopter parents - little emperor parents - tiger moms - parents who practice concerted cultivation

Question 31

Helicopter parents:

Answer 31

try to solve all of their child's problems and protect them from all dangers

Question 32

Little emperor parents:

Answer 32

strive to give their children all the material goods they crave

Question 33

Tiger moms:

Answer 33

push for and accept nothing less than exceptional achievement from their children

Question 34

Parents who practice concerted cultivation:

Answer 34

schedule their children into several extracurricular activities to provide them with an advance

Question 35

Meaningful differences were observed when comparing ____ and ____ hyper-parenting groups, with no further difference when comparing ____ to ____ hyper-parenting groups.

Answer 35

- low and average | - average to high

Question 36

Parent-initiated motivational climate consists of:

Answer 36

- mastery-oriented climate | - ego-oriented climate

Question 37

Mastery-oriented climate includes:

Answer 37

- effort - fun - self-improvement

Question 38

Ego-oriented climate includes:

Answer 38

- winning - outcome - normative success

Question 39

Young athletes' intrinsic motivation in swimming was strongly related to...

Answer 39

perceptions of the motivational climate that was created by their parents

Question 40

Key points from Camilla Knight podcast:

Answer 40

- environment not parent - organizations need to realize they set the tone that parents work within - stress conversations between all parties - problem parents are in the minority

Question 41

Harwood and Knight (2015) proposed that sport parenting expertise is dependent on the degree to which ...

Answer 41

parents demonstrate a range of competencies that increase their child's success and positive outcomes

Question 42

Postulate 1:

Answer 42

choose appropriate sport opportunities and provide the necessary types of social support for their children

Question 43

Postulate 2:

Answer 43

understand and apply an authoritative or autonomy-supportive parenting style

Question 44

Postulate 3:

Answer 44

manage the emotional demands of competition

Question 45

Postulate 4:

Answer 45

foster and maintain healthy relationships with others in the youth sport environment (eg. coaches, other parents)

Question 46

Postulate 5:

Answer 46

manage the organizational and developmental demands placed on them as stakeholders in youth sport

Question 47

Postulate 6:

Answer 47

Adapt their involvement and support to different stages of their children's athletic development and progressions

Question 48

____-_____ parenting and parent ____ _____ are underlying features of exemplary parenting in female team sport.

Answer 48

- autonomy-supportive | - emotional intelligence

Question 49

Car ride home: what you should do:

Answer 49

- take time to think - de-emphasize performance outcomes/loses - use questions in a supportive manner - develop rules of the road - ask yourself what values you are promoting with your questions, comments - be positive and supportive