Policy

Question 1

Give an example of when policy potentially restricts kids from participating in PA.

Answer 1

• not allowed to skateboard on sidewalks
• no bikes on sidewalks
• restrictions for playing in the streets

Question 2

The formulation of public policy involves a process of…

Answer 2

making good decisions for the public good

Question 3

Policies simply ____ our _____.

Answer 3

guide our actions

Question 4

Policies can be:

Answer 4

• guidelines
• rules
• regulations
• laws
• principles
• directions

Question 5

Policy says:

Answer 5

• what is to be done
• who is to do it
• how it is to be done
• for (or to) whom it is to be done

Question 6

Why should we care about policy?

Answer 6

• decisions about distribution of resources and services
• costs of access are prohibitive
• opportunity is limited or restricted by regulations
• risk and severity of injury
• health is compromised
• a coordinated plan is lacking

Question 7

3 types of interventions for population based health promotion model:

Answer 7

• downstream
• midstream
• upstream

Question 8

Downstream intervention:

Answer 8

individual-level interventions

Question 9

Specific activities of downstream intervention:

Answer 9

group and individual counselling

Question 10

Midstream intervention:

Answer 10

population-level interventions that target defined populations

Question 11

Specific activities of midstream interventions:

Answer 11

worksite disease prevention programs

Question 12

Upstream intervention:

Answer 12

macro-level state and national public policy and environmental interventions

Question 13

Specific activities of upstream interventions:

Answer 13

policies reducing access to unhealthy products

Question 14

Intervention river analogy:

Answer 14

• downstream: treating people drowning in the river

- upstream: fixing a gate upstream that people are falling through

Question 15

Upstream intervention for sodium intake:

Answer 15

reducing sodium content in canned foods

Question 16

Downstream intervention for sodium intake:

Answer 16

one on one, telling one person to cut down sodium intake

Question 17

HLS:

Answer 17

• Healthy Lifestyle
• health-oriented PA intervention program in Slovenia
• offered kids 2 optional additional hours of PA per week

Question 18

SLOfit:

Answer 18

• obligatory school-based physical fitness measurements for all Slovenian primary and secondary schools
• Sport Educational Chart program

Question 19

_____ children ranked top in the global matrix 2.0 and 3.0.

Answer 19

Slovenian

Question 20

3 examples of policies related to children’s PA in Canada:

Answer 20

• tax credit
• national plan
• guidelines

Question 21

CFTC =

Answer 21

children’s fitness tax credit

Question 22

The government of Canada introduced CFTC in 2007 with the intent that…

Answer 22

it would offset the costs associated with participation in organized PA

Question 23

Originally, CFTC allowed a taxpayer a ____ ______ tax credit (reduces the amount of _____ ____ a person pays) of up to $____ to register a child under ____ years of age in a eligible PA program. x15% rate at most, $___.

Answer 23

• non-refundable (need to pay a certain amount of tax to qualify)
• income tax
• $500
• 16 years of age
• $75

Question 24

What happened in 2014 with CFTC?

Answer 24

• credit limit increased to $1000
• made refundable (can be claimed regardless of tax status)
• at most $150 back

Question 25

Projected tax expenditures for CFTC:

Answer 25

$160 million

Question 26

Actual tax expenditures for CFTC:

Answer 26

$90-110 million

Question 27

Under-calculated effect of refundable and non-refundable CFTC:

Answer 27

- higher income families more likely to claim CFTC - low income family might not have incentive (cost too much, too long of delay) - might have greater wealth disparity by introducing CFTC

Question 28

___% of Canadian parents believe the CFTC increased their child's PA.

Answer 28

15%

Question 29

Highest income quartile CFTC:

Answer 29

10%

Question 30

Lowest income quartile CFTC:

Answer 30

40%

Question 31

Based on a review of 4 independent studies, Spence concluded that:

Answer 31

- in none of the studies was the CFTC found to be accessible to all Canadian families (no demonstrated equity) - the CFTC has demonstrated "limited to no effectiveness"

Question 32

Goal for Active Canada 20/20:

Answer 32

- to increase the PA level of every person in Canada | - ultimate goal was to have national physical fitness plan

Question 33

The Common Vision is guided by 5 independent principles that are foundational to increasing PA and reducing sedentary living, which include:

Answer 33

- physical literacy - life course - population approach - evidence based and emergent focused and motivations

Question 34

6 areas of focus for Common Vision:

Answer 34

- cultural norms - spaces and places - public engagement - partnerships - leadership and learning - progress

Question 35

Areas of convergence for Common Vision:

Answer 35

- adopting a life-course approach - improving access - equity and diversity - supporting physical literacy - encouraging play - advocating for supportive community design - improving volunteerism - reporting on progress

Question 36

4 outcomes from Common Vision:

Answer 36

- Canadian Sport Policy - Framework for Recreation in Canada - Active Canada 20/20 - Curbing Childhood Obesity

Question 37

Canadian Sport Policy used:

Answer 37

PA through sport

Question 38

Framework for Recreation in Canada used:

Answer 38

- active living - inclusion and access - connecting people and nature - supportive environments - recreation capacity

Question 39

Active Canada 20/20 used:

Answer 39

complementary approaches

Question 40

Curbing Childhood Obesity used:

Answer 40

supportive environments for healthy weights

Question 41

A Common Vision goal:

Answer 41

to guide policies to increase PA and reduce sedentary behaviours among all Canadians

Question 42

Cultural complications with A Common Vision:

Answer 42

- multi-cultural country - Indigenous people across the country - different cultural norms and practices

Question 43

Why are the new 24 hour movement guidelines more effective?

Answer 43

- If we get the people that are doing nothing to doing some, we get more overall effect - More palatable - More effective if we can get people to do it - sleep is not usually included

Question 44

Why a 24 hour movement guideline?

Answer 44

- it is becoming clear that behaviours along the movement continuum (PA, sedentary behaviour, sleep) cluster and interact - combined effects extend beyond the individual contributions of each behaviour

Question 45

24 hour movement guideline ensures that we are not just...

Answer 45

moving for 30 mins.

Question 46

______ is a leading country in the world for guidelines.

Answer 46

Canada

Question 47

What is involved in the process of developing guidelines?

Answer 47

- systematic reviews | - consultations with groups that are impacted by guidelines (practitioners)

Question 48

Adolopment:

Answer 48

other countries are copying/adopting our guidelines

Question 49

The policy cycle 8 steps:

Answer 49

- values and beliefs - problem or issue emerges - knowledge development & research - public awareness - political engagement - interest group activation - public policy deliberation & adoption - regulation, experience & revision

Question 50

Sometimes evidence doesn't matter:

Answer 50

- no evidence when tax credit was put in | - other factors influence these decisions that are more political

Question 51

The policy cycle 5 steps:

Answer 51

- agenda setting - policy formulation - policy adoption - policy implementation - evaluation

Question 52

Give an example of why values and beliefs are critical:

Answer 52

- early 1900s if you went to Dr. as a 30 year old and said you were stressed, you got prescribed to smoke - no consequences known yet - values and beliefs changed to anti-smoking after some time

Question 53

Values and beliefs are more critical than _____.

Answer 53

evidence

Question 54

Values and beliefs are different depending on...

Answer 54

who's in power

Question 55

Not much receptivity on governments being involved in ____.

Answer 55

PA

Question 56

Potential policy impact/implications for autonomous vehicles:

Answer 56

- sedentary behaviour - sleep - policy where you can only get so close to buildings - avoid busy streets - age limits - independent mobility? - expense - parking

Question 57

Potential policy impact/implications for PA integrated into schools.

Answer 57

- every ___ min. | - school policy to have mandatory breaks

Question 58

Active Canada 20/20 foundations:

Answer 58

- strategic investments - evidence and knowledge exchange - mobilization

Question 59

Active Canada 20/20 areas of focus:

Answer 59

- targeted information and public education - high quality, accessible programs and services - policy development, change, and implementation - community design