Adulthood

Question 1

Tasks of Adulthood

Answer 1

 Continued exploration of sexual identity

 Identify sexual likes and dislikes

 Develop effective communication

 Being responsible about sex

 Intimacy

Question 2

The Never-Married Adults

Answer 2

• adults who have never been married
• is increasing
• Many never- married adults are
  in romantic relationships
• most adults will get married though

Question 3

Long-Distance Relationships

Answer 3

 No differences in relationship
or sexual satisfaction

 No differences in rates of infidelity

• portayed in media negatively
• is better when people have faith in the relationhip
• they also tend to idealisize their partners

Question 4

Singlehood

Answer 4

• Singleism: stigmatizing and
  stereotyping of people who are not in a romantic relationship
• Committed relationship ideology
• Singles are perceived as possessing
  more negative characteristics than
  their partnered peers
  -singles = less atrctive,less sociable(not true)
• Why?
  -society ideology
  -wedding ring effect = when someone is taken the seem more attractive (specifically men in a relationship)

Question 5

Are singles really that bad?

Answer 5

• No!
• No differences in personality,
  attractiveness, self-esteem,
  and social ability

Question 6

Settling for less…fear
of being single

Answer 6

• Many people fear being single (single and partnered alike)
• Fear of being single is a predictor of settling for less in existing relationships
• This fear also predicts romantic interest in lower quality partners

Question 7

Cohabitation

Answer 7

• Stage before marriage (for many)
• Common-law: people who lived together for 12months they have the same rights as married couples (except property division)
• Does not cause divorce rather tend to be more educated and less religious (which are people who already get more divorce
• More frequent sex then married couples
• most common in quebec

Question 8

Marriage

Answer 8

• Why bother?
  -signify commitment
  -moral values and belifs
  -belive children should get merried parents

lgbtq communities
-signify commitment
-legal protection
-political fight for equality

• Sex 2-3x/week (more then singles)
• Masturbation is normal

Question 9

More sexual satisfaction if:

Answer 9

• 1. sexual rewards > sexual costs
• 2. sexual rewards > sexual costs expected
• 3. Equal reward cost ratios
• 4. Satisfaction with nonsexual relationship

sexual rewards: sexual plesure, intimacy

sexual costs: pain,time

Question 10

Discrepant Sexual Desire

Answer 10

• Individuals can differ in levels of sexual desire
• Maintain satisfaction
  via sexual communal
  strength:means having sex with their partner to strenghen the relationship

-people with high sexual communal strengh tend to have an Approach(connect partner,have fun) vs. avoidance(so they stop neging me,get over with

Question 11

Having Babies &
Careers

Answer 11

• Children affect the sexual
  relationship of the couple
• Tendency to delay having
  children
• Two-career homes do not differ
  in sexual satisfaction but they differ between satifying job vs not satisfying

Question 12

Monogamy

Answer 12

• Monogamy = Expectation for romantic and sexual exclusivity in romantic relationship
• Most expect monogamy but only some discuss it
• Even so, infidelity is common

Question 13

Infidelity

Answer 13

• Sexual: physically arousing contact (e.g.,kissing, sexual touching, oral sex)
• Romantic: close affection or intimate
  connection (e.g., “falling in love”)
• Some behaviours are almost always
  considered infidelity (ex:having sex with someone else)

Question 14

Four categories of sexual infidelity:

Answer 14

1.Sexual/explicit behaviours – intercourse, oral sex, touching, kissing

2.Technology/online behaviours - sexting, cybersex,
browsing dating profiles

3.Emotional/affectionate behaviours – sharing secrets, working late, giving/receiving emotional support/dressing to attract

4.Solitary behaviours – viewing porn, masturbation, finding a celebrity attractive

Question 15

Prevalence

Answer 15

• hard to find out
  1. people dont want to adimit
  2. different defenitions for infidality
• 1.2%-37.5% in nationally representative U.S. Samples
• 16.5% - 85.5% in community/college samples

very common

Question 16

Why do people
cheat?

Answer 16

treas and Giesen (2000); Selterman et al. (2020)

• stronger sexual interest: want to have more sex
• more permissive sexual values: more relexed about infidality
• lower relationship satisfaction
• weaker network ties to partner: mutual friends
• **greater sexual opportunities: **ex people who travel a lot

→ for many people, being faithful in a long-term monogamous relationship takes work

Question 17

Cheating outcomes

Answer 17

• Psychological distress for
  both partners
• Relationship breakup( popular cause of divorce)
• stages of healing:
  1. understand the afair(who,why)
  2. make decision to break up or try to work out
  3. try to rebuild the relationship
• 55% break up immeditality,30% try to work it out but end up breaking up , 15% stayed together

Question 18

Mate Poaching

Answer 18

• Mate poaching occurs when someone forms a romantic and/or sexualrelationship with someone who they know is already in an exclusive
  relationship.
• mate pouching relationships starts with lower quality
• more likely to engage infidality

Question 19

Sociosexual orientation:

Answer 19

• people confort and interest in sexual activity in the absecen of love or commitment
• the more people that are confertable sociosexual orientation , less quality in their relatioiship and more ingage in infedelity

Question 20

Behaviors intended to maintain monogamy in an
exclusive relationship

Answer 20

• Proactive avoidance (avoid opportunities
• Relationship enhancement : focus on positive thoughs about ur parents
• Derogating the alternative

Question 21

Consensual
nonmonogam
y (CNM)

Answer 21

• Swinging( married couples exchange partners)
• Polyamory: sexual reletionship /emotional with multiple people
• Open Relationships:becoming more popular

Question 22

Open Relationship
Agreements

Answer 22

 Variable from one couple to another

 Require clear communication to specify boundaries

Question 23

CNM Relationship Outcomes

Answer 23

• Engage in sex with both partners for intrinsic reasons (e.g., pleasure)
• Greater sexual fulfillment with a second partner associated with lower sexual satisfaction in first partner

Question 24

Sex Later on in Life

Answer 24

 Older people still have sex (and satisfaction is high)

 Some changes to consider when having sex in older adulthood
-specially older women find sexual partner
-women out leave men
-for women we dont see this

Question 25

Changes in women

Answer 25

* Menopause * Changes in levels of sex hormones * Decline in vaginal lubrication and elasticity * less plesure,less orgasms

Question 26

Changes in men

Answer 26

* Less testosterone production and sperm output * Erections occur more slowly * Volume of ejaculate decreases * Prostrate enlargement

Question 27

Two factors are critical for maintaining sexual capacity in old age

Answer 27

* 1. **Good physical and mental health** * 2. **Regularly of sexual expression** (“use it or loseit”) Orgasms keep you alive longer