animal models

Question 1

animal models are used in

Answer 1

efficacy testing in preclinical tastings

Question 2

advantages to animal models are applicable to diseases to other non-human diseases such as

Answer 2

canine hemophilia

Question 3

problem with animal models

Answer 3

failure of promising interventions in animal studies that translate to clinic

Question 4

significant findings on what types of human disease (give 5 examples)

Answer 4

-Aids
-Diabetes
-antibiotics
-vaccine for polio
-cancer

Question 5

animal models three Rs and their def

Answer 5

REDUCTION: fewer animals used
REPLACEMENT: methods to replace animals in research
REFINEMENT: modification of treatment to minimize animal pain

Question 6

alternatives to animal testing (could be wrong- cant really read graph)

Answer 6

-in silico methods
-AI/computer models
-organ on chips
-tissue cultures
-in vitro assays

Question 7

% of rodent and human
% of non-rodent and human

Answer 7

43% rodent concordance
63% non-rodent concordance

Question 8

animal models include

Answer 8

-trad. small lab animals
-non-human primates
-nontraditional animals

Question 9

5 considerations when choosing animal

Answer 9

-adequate fidelity (how close an organism is to target species)
-good historical usage
-readily available
-genetic and microbiological characterization
-sufficient size for obtaining needed samples

Question 10

high fidelity animal
low fidelity animal
(with HIV example)

Answer 10

high=chimps (can have HIV but no signs of it shown)
low=cats (but they can get cat HIV which can help in HIV symptoms and progression)

Question 11

induced/experimental disease models

Answer 11

-healthy animals which condition is experimentally induced
-rodents not good choice

Question 12

spontaneous animal disease models

Answer 12

-naturally occurring genetic variants
-usually rats/rodents
-better for new treatment tests

Question 13

classifications of disease animal models

Answer 13

-induced disease models
-spont. disease models
-transgenic disease models
-negative disease models
-orphan disease models

Question 14

animal welfare act of 1966 includes what animals

Answer 14

-animals covered for protection like dogs, hamsters, cats, rabbits, nonhuman primates, guinea pig
-can include cows, goats, sheep, and horses

Question 15

animal welfare act of 1966 dont include what animals

Answer 15

-hoof stocked mammals in food and fiber research
-cold-blooded species
-fish and invertebrates
-birds

Question 16

public health service (PHS)

Answer 16

-includes all vertebrates used in research in research funded by government
-NIH, NSF, USDA, DOD
-oversees the care and use of animals in public/private organizations so they have proper care