Attention

Question 1

Inattentional Blindness

Answer 1

Inability to perceive info outside the attentional spotlight

Question 2

Change Blindness

Answer 2

Inability to detect differences in alternating flashed images

Question 3

Selective Attention

Answer 3

Focusing on one thing at the expense of all others

Question 4

Attention as a filter

Answer 4

Desired info passes through; other info is discarded

Question 5

Cocktail Party Effect

Answer 5

Ability to attend to a specific voice among many (Can notice your name though)

Question 6

Dichotic Listening Task

Answer 6

Participants repeat input from one ear, ignore the other.

Question 7

Moray Dichotic Task

Answer 7

Even repeated words in unattended ear not processed, unless participant’s own name - Breakthrough processing

Question 8

Grey & Wedderburn

Answer 8

Participants followed meaningful narrative across ears.

Question 9

McKay

Answer 9

Ambiguous sentences biased by unattended info (money bank example)

Question 10

Attention Filtering Mechanism

Answer 10

People don’t recall unattended information because it is not processed beyond its simple meaning

Question 11

Attenuation Model

Answer 11

Suggests that the mind doesn’t fully block unattended information but instead weakens (attenuates) it through a filter-like mechanism

Question 12

Attentional Load

Answer 12

Amount of cognitive resources a task requires

Question 13

Low-Load Task

Answer 13

Low difficulty task leaves left-over cognitive resources, that then process extra “flanker” stimuli even when not wanted.

Question 14

High-Load Task

Answer 14

No cognitive resources left for distractors

Question 15

Attention and Video Games

Answer 15

Gamers can better distribute their attention outside of the central task.

Question 16

Automatic Processing

Answer 16

Familiar tasks requiring little/no attention - reading, driving

Question 17

Divided Attention

Answer 17

Splitting attention across tasks; performance usually suffers

Question 18

Task Switching

Answer 18

Raid, sequential execution of two or more tasks

Question 19

Split Attention

Answer 19

Simultaneously processing information from different sources.

Question 20

Pre-activating/ Readying

Answer 20

Becoming attuned to expected stimuli; quicker responses

Question 21

Feature-Integration Theory

Answer 21

Attention binds features (colour, shape, motion) into coherent objects

Question 22

Conjunction Errors

Answer 22

Mistakes in combining features when attention is lacking

Question 23

Exogenous Control

Answer 23

Attention captured by environment (flashing light)

Question 24

Endogenous Control

Answer 24

Attention directed by goals/intentions (reading)

Question 25

Overt Attention

Answer 25

Moving eyes to attended stimulus

Question 26

Covert Attention

Answer 26

Attending without moving eyes

Question 27

Anticipation - Auditory

Answer 27

Activated the auditory cortex

Question 28

Anticipation - Visual

Answer 28

Activates visual cortex

Question 29

Posterior Parietal Lobes

Answer 29

Control which regions are activated by anticipation

Question 30

ADHD

Answer 30

Difficulty focusing; linked to failure in frontoparietal control networks

Question 31

Go/No-Go Task ADHD

Answer 31

Make more errors on no-go trials

Question 32

Balint Syndrome

Answer 32

Damage to both parietal lobes; severe visual-spatial issues

Question 33

Oculomotor Apraxia

Answer 33

Cannot execute visually guided movements

Question 34

Simultanagnosia

Answer 34

Can't perceive multiple objects; see local but not global features

Question 35

Visual Neglect

Answer 35

Damage to right parietal lobe, ignores left visual field

Question 36

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Answer 36

Atypical development; language & social deficits, repetitive behaviour, delayed cognition.