BIO LEC 2025 > BIO LAB FINAL > Flashcards

BIO LAB FINAL Flashcards

(74 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

what are the 4 disadvantages plants needed to overcome in order to become terrestrial ?

A
  1. less water
  2. gravity
  3. reproduction became different
  4. Uv radiation before O zone layer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

what are 4 advantages of being terrestrial ?

A
  1. more sunlight
  2. more CO2
  3. more nutrients
  4. less predators initially
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what 6 adaptations do ferns have to survive terrestrial environments ?

A
  1. true roots to anchor to soil / eat nutrients
  2. waxy cuticle
  3. stomata
  4. spores to flagellated sperms
  5. vascular system
  6. lignin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what 3 adaptations do mosses have to survive terrestrial environments ?

A
  1. waxy cuticle
  2. rhizoids anchor
  3. stomata
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the plant life cycle and what stages are diploid / haploid ?

A

gametophytes (mitosis, haploid) –> zygote (2n) –> sporophyte (meiosis, diploid) —> spores (1n)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the various functions that a Fern has, and what do they do ?

A
  1. sporophyte, spreads spores
  2. gametophyte, sexual reproduction
  3. antheridium, makes sperm
  4. archegonium, makes eggs
  5. capsule, reproduction occurs
  6. sorus, produces/release spores
  7. spores, reproductive cell
  8. prothallus, produces gametes
  9. rhizome, anchorage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are functions mosses have and what do they do ? ( 8 TOTAL )

A
  1. sporophyte, spread spores
  2. gametophyte, sexual reproduction
  3. antheridium, produces seprm
  4. archegonium, produces egg
  5. capsule, disperse spores
  6. spores, reproductive cell
  7. prothallus, produces gametes
  8. rhizoids, keep moss attached to substrate
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are 4 features of the fungi kingdom ?

A
  1. absorptive heterotrops
  2. chitin cell walls
  3. lack embryonic stage
  4. they’re eukaryotic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are the 5 fungi phyla’s ?

A

Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Glomeromyctoa, Ascomycota, Basdiomycota

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are characteristics of Chytridiomyctoa ?

A

they have flagellated spores and are mostly aquatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are characteristics of Glomeromycota ?

A

arbuscular endomycorrhizal fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are characteristics of Zygomycota ?

A

black bread mold, conjugated fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are characteristics of Ascomycota ?

A

cup fungi, sac fungi, meat, and lichen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are characteristics of Basidiomycota ?

A

mushrooms, bracket fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is plasogamy ?

A

the fusion of cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is karyogamy ?

A

fusion of the nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the asexual life cycle of fungi ?

A

spore producing structures –> spores –>
germination –> mycelium (REPEAT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the sexual life cycle of fungi ?

A

heterokaryotic stage –> karyogamy –> zygote –> meiosis –> germination –> mycelium –> plasmogamy (REPEAT)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the only diploid stage of the fungi life cycle ?

A

the zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the 3 methods of obtaining nutrition found in the fungus kingdom ?

A
  1. parasitic
  2. symbiotic
  3. saprophytic: dead shi
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what are some characteristics of lichens ?

A
  1. they’re fungi,
  2. cyanobacteia / alga
  3. under ascomycota phyla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are some characteristics of mycorrhizae ?

A
  1. they’re fungi
  2. plant root
  3. under mucuromycota phyla
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what are the 3 forms of lichen ?

A
  1. foilcose
  2. fructose
  3. crustose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what does foilcose lichen look like ?

A

think aluminum FOIL.
crinkly, texture, branching out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
what does crustose lichen look like ?
think CRUSTY not too much branching, closely attached
24
what does fruitcose lichen look like ?
think fruit ROLL up stringy, messy, hair like
25
what are parazoans ?
lack complex tissues like muscle/nerve
26
what are eumetazoa ?
true animals, differentiated tissues
27
what are radiata ?
radically symmetrical animals
28
what are bilatera ?
bilateral symmetric animals
29
how is the animal kingdom different from plants/fungi ? ( HINT: Linch My Insides Every Class )
1. Locomotion 2. Multi cellular 3. Ingestive heterotrophs 4. Embryo 5. Lack cell walls
30
what are characteristics of Porifera ?
1. parazoans 2. multicellular 3. pore bearing 4. asymmetrical / radial 5. sponges
31
how is the animal kingdom LIFE CYCLE different from plants/fungi ?
1. Sexual reproduction 2. Diploid life cycle 3. Lack cell walls 4. Heterotrophs ( HINT: Sam Doesn't Like Henry )
32
how digestion and respiration are carried out in Poriferans ?
Digestion: food trapped by choanocytes, ingested by phagocytosis Respiration: through diffusion
33
what are the 4 specialized cells found in Poriferans ? what are their functions
1. choanocytes, "collar cells" that bring food particles 2. porocytes, form pores to control water intake 3. aoebocytes, jelly like matrix 4. pinacocytes, outer "epidermal" layer, protection
34
what are characteristics of Cnidaria ?
1. radial symmetrical 2. cndiocytes 3. mesoglea layer 4. diploblastic, ecto/endoderm
35
what is the specialized cell Cnidaria's have ? what does it do ?
cnidocytes, they are stinging cells used to capture prey
36
how digestion and respiration are carried out in Cnidaria's ?
Digestion and Respiration occur in the gastrovascular cavity
37
what are characteristics of Platyhelminthes ?
1. flattened bodies 2. colem (lack of) 3. bilaterally symmetrical 4. triploblastic; ecto/endo/mesoderm
38
how digestion and respiration are carried out in Platyhelminthes ?
Digestion: occurs through mouth which is also the anus Respiration: is carried through passive diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide
39
what are the 3 classes of Platyhelminthes ?
1. Turbellaria 2. Trematoda 4. Cestoda
40
what are characteristics of Turbellaria ?
class under Platyhelminthes ... 1. free living 2. nervous system 3. amazing regeneration eg. planaria (eel looking)
40
what are characteristics of Trematoda ?
class under Platyhelminthes ... 1. complex life cycle 2. internal parasite 3. flat 4. digestive system 5. live in lungs eg. liver / blood fluke
41
what are characteristics of Cestoda ?
class under Platyhelminthes ... 1. live in intestines 2. internal parasite 3. lack digestive system 4. self fertilize eg. tape worm
42
what are the 2 classes under mollusks ?
Bivalvia and Cephalopoda
43
What are the components of a mollusk ? what are their functions ?
1. foot: used for anchorage + movement 2. mantle: tissue that covers organs 3. visceral mass: contains most organs 4. radula: scrapper of mouth
44
what are characteristics of Bivalva ?
they have 2 shells eg. clams, oysters, and mussels
45
what are characteristics of Cephalopoda ?
"head foot" eg. squids / octopuses
46
characteristics of annelids ?
they have segmented bodies and complex organ systems
47
what are the 2 classes of annelids
Erranita and Sedentaria
48
what are 4 unique characteristics of Anthropods ?
1. hard exoskeleton (chitin) 2. segmented bodies 3. bilateral 4. joint appendages
49
what is the difference between an exoskeleton and endoskeleton
EXO: external chitin ENDO: Internal, soft tissue/cartilage
50
what are the advantages/disadvantages of an exoskeleton?
A: prevents water loss, efficient movement and protects against predators/weather D: limits size of organism doesn't grow with an animal
51
what are the advantages/disadvantages of an endoskeleton?
A: facilitates development of large bodies, supports greater weight, more flexibility D: less protection, needs energy for maintenance/repair, more likely to get injured
52
what are some distinguishing features of the Chelicerata clade ? Name some examples.
1. no antennae 2. body has cephalothorax and abdomen 3. cephalothorax has 6 appendages, 2 mouth parts, and 4 legs (pair) eg. scorpions, SPIDERS, and ticks
53
what are some distinguishing features of the Myriapoda clade ? Name some examples.
1. definite head 2. mouthparts are mandibles 3. 1 pair of antennaes 4. 1 or 2 pairs of legs eg. centipedes and MILLIPEDS
54
what are the 4 classes under the Anthropods kingdom ?
Chelicerata, Myriapoda, Crustacea, and Hexapoda
55
what are some distinguishing features of the Crustacea clade ? Name some examples.
1. gas exchange on gill surface 2. simple/compound eyes 3. appendages branch eg. barnacles, crayfish
56
what are some distinguishing features of the Hexapoda clade ? Name some examples.
1. head, thorax, abdomen 2. unique tracheal gas respiratory exchange 3. appendages are NOT branched eg. crickets, grass hoppers
57
what clade does the spider belong to ?
Chelicerata
57
what are the 4 classes of Echinoderms ?
Echinoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, Holothuroidea
58
what clade do cockroaches belong to ?
Hexapoda
58
what clade do millipedes belong to ?
Myriapoda
59
how can you identify the sex of madagascar cockroach?
Males: have large horns/bumps, 2 segments Females: small bumps, 1 segment
59
how can you identify the sex of a crayfish ?
Males have an extra set of swimmerets The swimmerets on the 1st ab are close together and pointed forward
59
what are 3 unique characteristics of Echinoderms ?
1. water vascular system 2. pentaradialin in adults 3. endoskeleton (CaCO3)
60
what are some characteristics of Asteroidea ? Name an example.
class under Echinoderms that ... 1. star shaped body 2. radial symmetrical 3. water vascular system eg. starfish
60
what are some characteristics of Holothuroidea ? Name an example.
class under Echinoderms that ... 1. no arms/spines 2. soft cucumber shaped body 3. circle of feeding tentacles around mouth 4. mouth + anus on opposite ends eg. sea cucumbers
61
what are some characteristics of Echinoidea ? Name an example.
class under Echinoderms that ... 1. no arms 2. moveable spines 3. mouth opening on underside 4. feed by scrapping encrusting algae from surfaces eg. sea urchins and sea dollars
62
what are some characteristics of Ophiuroidea ? Name an example.
class under Echinoderms that ... 1. mouth opening on underside 2. ambulacral grooves closed with tube feet lacking suckers eg. brittle / basket stars
63
what are 4 characteristics of Chordate ? what are their functions ?
1. postanal tail, anus anterior of caudal fin on ventral surface 2. pharyngeal gill slits, cuts on pharyngeal basket 3. notochord, rodlike structure, stiffens tail 4. hollow nerve chord, dorsal to notochord, hard to see
64
characteristics of Erratina ?
1. active predators 2. mostly aquatic 3. fire worms 4. hide in holes to grab prey
65
characteristics of Sedentary ?
1. aren't active predators 2. earth worms 3. land
66
BIO LEC 2025
flashcards
Decks in class (30)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions