CHAPTER 34: Vertebrates

Question 1

What are the key characteristics of Phylum Chordata? HINT: 4

Answer 1

1. Supporting cartilage notochord
2. Nerve cord
3. Pharyngeal slits/clefts
4. Post anal tail

These features are fundamental to all members of the phylum.

Question 2

What are the two subphyla of Cephalochordata and Urochordata?

Answer 2

Cephalochordata: lancelets (invertebrates)Urochordata: tunicates (invertebrates)

Both subphyla consist of invertebrate species.

Question 3

What distinguishes Subphylum Vertebrata?

Answer 3

Agnathans (jawless)
Gnathostomes (jawed)

Vertebrates are characterized by having a backbone.

Question 4

Name the two groups of Gnathostomes with mineralized bony skeletons?

Answer 4

Cartilaginous fishes (sharks, rays, chimaeras)
Bony fishes (ray-finned fishes, lobe-finned fishes)

These groups represent significant evolutionary advancements in vertebrates.

Question 5

What are the three classes under Class Amphibia?

Answer 5

Salamanders (with tails)
Frogs (without tails)
Caecilians (without legs)

Amphibians are known for their dual life, both in water and on land.

Question 6

What is a defining feature of Amniotes?

Answer 6

Terrestrially adapted egg

This adaptation includes extraembryonic membranes that support development.

Question 7

Which class is considered the first successful land vertebrate?

Answer 7

Class Reptilia

This class includes turtles, snakes, crocodilians, birds, and others.

Question 8

Who is recognized as the first bird?

Answer 8

Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx represents a key evolutionary link between reptiles and birds.

Question 9

What are the defining characteristics of Class Mammalia?

Answer 9

Amniotes with hair
Produce milk

Mammals typically exhibit prolonged maternal care, which is linked to larger brain sizes.

Question 10

What adaptations do members of the Order Primates have?

Answer 10

1. Adapted for tree living
2. Opposable thumbs
3. Grasping hands and feet

This order includes the human lineage and reflects adaptations for an arboreal lifestyle.