BLDG TECH 2 Flashcards by Candice Mae Pableo

What is a composite material, consists of binding medium, combination of fine & coarse aggregate, invented by the Romans?

CONCRETE

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Cementing Material, reactive siliceous material to hydrated cement, such as asphalt, resins, etc

BINDER

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Granular Material; such as Sand, Gravel, Crushed Stone, etc

AGGREGATE

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Distribution of particle sizes present in an aggregate

GRADING

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Structural Conc. w/ no (or less) reinforcements
Also concrete w/ no admixture/special treatment

PLAIN CONCRETE

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cement that sets & hardens by chemical interaction w/ Water

HYDRAULIC CEMENT

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Hydraulic Cement made of Pulverized Portland-Cement Clinker, combination w/ Calcium Sulfate

PORTLAND CEMENT

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what type of cement is for most purposes of Const’n?

TYPE I (GEN. PURPOSE)

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What type of cement is in contact w/ water w/ Sulfate present?

TYPE II (MODERATE SULFATE RESISTANCE)

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What type of cement where reduced curing is required; fast schedule; for Cold weather, Concrete Repairs, Precast Const’n, etc?

TYPE III (HIGH EARLY STRENGTH

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What type of cement Prevents Cracking; Massive Structures (Dams, Nuclear Plants, etc.)?

TYPE IV (LOW HEAT OF HYDRATION)

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What type of cement has High Sulfate Concentration; Underwater Struc’l, etc.?

TYPE V (SULFATE-RESISTANT)

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Who Patented artificial cement, named “Portland Cement”?

JOSEPH ASPDIN

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who patented deformed bars made of twisted square bars?

ERNEST L. RANSOME

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SJI

STEEL JOIST INSTITUTE

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AASHTO

AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF STATE HIGHWAY & TRANSPORTATION OFFICIALS

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AISC

AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF STEEL CONSTRUCTION

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ACI

AMERICAN CONCRETE INSTITUTE

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ASTM

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING & MATERIALS

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[Determine ASTM]

Specification for Fine & Coarse Aggregate for Concrete

ASTM C 33

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[Determine ASTM]

Sieve or Screen Analysis of Fine & Coarse Aggregates

ASTM C136

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[Determine ASTM]

Preferred Steel type for Standard Wide–Flange Structural Shapes

ASTM A 992

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TCA

TILE COUNCIL OF AMERICA

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PCC

PORTLAND - CEMENT CONCRETE

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Cement + Water

CEMENT PASTE

Cement + Water + Sand

CEMENT MORTAR

Cement + Water + Sand + Lime

MASONRY MORTAR

Cement + Water + Sand + Coarse Aggregate

CONCRETE

this material is generated from Coal Plants; material from combustion of ground or powdered coal; Strengthens concrete, long-term

FLY ASH

this material is generated from Steel Plants; Same elements of Portland cement but w/ different proportions

GROUND GRANULATED BLAST-FURNACE SLAG (GGBFS)

What material has Low Iron Content (Gray color from iron); for AR’l purposes, stucco, terrazzo, décor surfaces; recommended for colored concrete or mortar?

WHITE CEMENT

Measure of consistency of fresh-mixed concrete using slump cone to test its workability

SLUMP TEST

What is the height of slump cone?

12"

What is the bottom diameter of a slump come?

What is the upper diameter of slump cone?

what is the Compression test on a concrete sample cut from hardened concrete by using a core drill?

CORE TEST

What do you call the process of arranging freshly mixed concrete during placement by the reduction of voids usually by Vibration, Centrifugation, Rodding, Tamping, or some combination of these actions?

CONSOLIDATION

What do you call the Deposit of Salts on surface having emerged in solution from within either concrete or masonry and subsequently been precipitated by reaction, such as carbonation or evaporation?

EFFLORESCENCE

What are the Unintended Voids left in concrete due to failure of the mortar to effectively fill the spaces among coarse aggregate particles?

HONEYCOMB EFFECT

What slab system spans across lines of support furnished by walls or beams?

SOLID SLAB SYSTEM

What slab has small connectors / joists; Support long spans Has Broadened Joist Ends at lower edges; little concrete is "non-working"; the bottom steel is concentrated in spaced ribs or joists. The thin slab that spans across the top of the joists is reinforced only by shrinkage-temperature bars?

JOIST SYSTEM / RIBBED SLAB

what slab system is Similar to Ribbed Slab; joists are farther apart; 4–6 feet?

WIDE-MODULE CONCRETE JOIST SYSTEM/SKIP-JOIST SYSTEM

What slab has Metal or plastic pans called domes are used as formwork To eliminate non-working concrete from the slab, allowing longer spans?

WAFFLE SLAB

what slab is occasionally used for very heavily loaded industrial floors;the slab is supported by a grid of beams running in both directions over the columns ?

FLAT SLAB SYSTEM

[Determine if one-way or two-way] Solid Slab System

ONE-WAY SLAB

[Determine if one-way or two-way] Joist System

ONE-WAY SLAB

[Determine if one-way or two-way] Ribbed Slab

ONE-WAY SLAB

[Determine if one-way or two-way] Wide-Module Concrete Joist System

ONE-WAY SLAB

[Determine if one-way or two-way] Skip- Joist System

ONE-WAY SLAB

[Determine if one-way or two-way] Banded System

ONE-WAY SLAB

[Determine if one-way or two-way] Solid Slab System

TWO-WAY SLAB

[Determine if one-way or two-way] Waffle Slab

TWO-WAY SLAB

[Determine if one-way or two-way] Flat Slab System

TWO-WAY SLAB

What format can serve as a checklist during the Design / Devl’t Stage ?

INTERNATIONAL FORMAT/MASTER FORMAT

Portion of the building above the ground

SUPERSTRUCTURE

Habitable portion of the building below the ground

SUBSTRUCTURE

Slab w/c rests on ground and not suspended

SLAB ON FILL

Building w/o basement; unfinished accessible space below the 1st floor, Usually less than a full storey height

CRAWL SPACE

Lower story of a building; partly or entirely below grade

BASEMENT

Structural portion of the building; transfers building load into the soil

FOUNDATION

transfer bldg loads to the earth close to the base of the substructure

SHALLOW FOUNDATION

what type of footing takes concentrated loads from above & spread them out across an area of soil large enough that the allowable soil pressure is not exceeded?

SPREAD FOOTING

what type of foundation extends downward through layers of weak / unstable strata to reach more competent soil or rock deeper w/in the earth?

DEEP FOUNDATION

Foundation drilled into rock at bottom rather than belled

SOCKETED CAISSON

Foundation that is drilled (Belling/Flaring) hole out at the bottom & filling it w/ concrete using auger drills

CAISSON/DRILLED PIER

Foundation used where non–cohesive soils, subsurface water, or excessive depth of bearing strata make caissons impractical

PILE

What is placed at the top of piles to distribute load of column/wall above?

PILE CAP

what piles are driven to refusal/ firmly embedded; Additional hammer blows made?

END BEARING PILE

What pile is driven to a predetermined depth until a certain level of resistance to hammer blows is encountered ?

FRICTION PILE

What type of construction proceeds both upward and downward simultaneously?

UP-DOWN CONSTRUCTION

What is the Filipino term for level?

LEBEL

What is the Filipino term for plumb?

HULOG

What is the Filipino term for aligned?

ALIGNED

What is the Filipino term for square?

ESKWALADO

What foundation load is created by Earth and water against basement walls?

HORIZONTAL PRESSURES

What foundation load is created from arches, rigid frames, domes, vaults, or tensile structure?

INCLINED THRUSTS

What foundation load is created from underground water?

BUOYANT UPLIFT FORCES

What foundation loads are caused by motion from ground during earthquakes?

HORIZONTAL & VERTICAL FORCES

Continuous mass of solid mineral; can only be removed by drilling & blasting

ROCK

Earth material that is particulate

SOIL

Individual soil particle; requires two hands to lift / carry

BOULDER

Individual soil particle; requires whole hand to lift / carry

COBBLE

Individual soil particle; requires only thumb & forefinger to pick-up

GRAVEL

Visible soil particle; too small to individually pick-up

SAND

Non–visible soil particle; equidimensional

SILT

Non–visible particle; plate–shaped

CLAY

Topsoil & other organic soils

PEAT

What slope support uses Sheet H–Pile & Wooden Planks (Lagging) inserted between the piles to retain the soil as excavation progresses?

SOLDIER BEAMS & LAGGING

What slope support where a Pneumatically Placed Concrete is sprayed into place from the nozzle of a hose By a stream of compressed air?

SHORTCRETE

What is an excavated trench with viscuous mix of water and bentonite clay used to prevent earth walls collapsing wherein a welded cage of steel reinforcing bars is lowered in the trench and it is concreted from the bottom up with the aid of a tremie ?

SLURRY WALL

What metal is used to construct the Eiffel Tower?

WROUGHT IRON

What metal is used in building the Crystal Palace?

CAST IRON

What metal is considered the strongest and less expensive but has more tendency to rust?

FERROUS METALS

What metal forms a thin oxide layer that protects from further corrosion which makes it easy to work and is attractive, valuable for finish building components, but is more expensive?

NONFERROUS METALS

Copper + tin =?

BRONZE

Iron + carbon =?

STEEL

What is a ferrous metal contains relatively large amounts of carbon and impurities which makes it the most brittle?

CAST IRON

What metal has very low iron content, less brittle than cast iron, and is produced by hammering semi-molten iron to produce a metal with long fibers of iron interleaved with long fibers of slag?

WROUGHT IRON

What steel is made by alloying with other metals such as chromium and nickel which forms a self-protecting oxide coating, highly resistant to corrosion, harder to form and machine, and is more costly?

STAINLESS STEEL

What metal is bright orange red in color, ductile and easy to fabricate, and has the highest thermal and electrical conductivity?

COPPER

What non-ferrous metal is used for roofing flashing sheet, ductwork, curtain wall, window and door frames, grills, ornamental failing, siding, hardware, electrical wiring and protective coating for other metals which is heat treated for increased strength and has self protection from corrosion?

ALUMINUM

What metal is reddish gold used in statuary, bells, ornamental metalwork, door and cabinet hardware, and weather stripping?

BRONZE

What metal is Troy yellow in color, corrosion resistant, and can be polished to a high luster?

BRASS

What metal is blue white in color, low in strength, relatively brittle, but moderate in strength?

ZINC

What steel is coated with a zinc to protect against corrosion?

GALVANIZED STEEL

What do you call the process of coating metals such as chromium & cadmium onto steel to improve its appearance and to protect it from oxidation?

ELECTROPLATING

The process of heating steel red hot then plunging in cold water making it harder but brittle

QUENCHED

The process of heating metal to a moderate degree and cooling it slowly making it both hard and strong

TEMPERED

The process of bringing steel to a very high temperature and then cooling it very slowly making it softer, easier to work, and less brittle

ANNEALING

What do you call a way of changing metal properties where steel is beaten and rolled thinner at the room temperature where it's crystalline structure is altered in a way that makes it much stronger though somewhat more brittle?

COLD WORKING

What is a process of squeezing heated but not molten metal through a shaped die to produce a long metal piece w/ a shaped profile matching the cutout in the die ?

EXTRUSION

What is a process of heating a piece of metal until it becomes soft, then beating it into shape?

FORGING

What is a process of squeezing sheet metal between two matching dies to give it a desired shape or texture?

STAMPING

What is a process of cutting unwanted material from a piece of metal to produce the desired shape?

MACHINING

What is a machining operation in which a rotating cutting wheel is used to cut metal from a workpiece?

MILLING

What is a slender high temperature gas flame with a jet of pure oxygen to burn away the metal and is an economical method of cutting steel of almost any fitness?

FLAME CUTTING TORCH

What is a process of using tiny supersonic jet of superheated gas that blows away the metal which can give more precise cuts?

PLASMA CUTTING

What is a high temperature fusion connection that melts the metal on both sides of the joint?

WELDING

What is a lower temperature fusion connection that does not melt the parent metal but melts a different metal with a lower melting point specifically brass or bronze?

BRAZING

What is a lower temperature fusion connection that does not melt the parent metal but melts a different metal with a lower melting point specifically a tin alloy?

SOLDERING

What are prefabricated steel trusses designed to carry heavy loads like bays of steel joists?

JOIST GIRDERS

What tool is used to tighten bolts?

PNEUMATIC OR ELECTRIC IMPACT WRENCH

What tool is used to drive a rivet set?

PNEUMATIC HAMMER

[Determine ASTM] Carbon Steel Bolt / Unfinished Or Common Bolt

ASTM A307

[Determine ASTM] High Strength Bolt

ASTM A325 & A490

What type of connection wherein the bolts are installed in snug-tight condition?

BEARING-TYPE CONNECTION

What type connection is used for slip critical connection where bolts must be tightened at least 70% of the ultimate tensile strength?

SLIP/FRICTION-CRITICAL CONNECTION

This is placed under the head / nut of the bolt, As it is tightened, protrusions on the washer are progressively flattened in proportion to the tension in the bolt.

LOAD INDICATOR WASHER OR DIRECT TENSION INDICATOR

this method is used by tightening each bolt snugly, Then turning it in a specified additional fraction of a turn

TURN-OF-NUT METHOD

This is inserted to determine if the washer has flattened sufficiently.

FEELER GAUGE

This method uses a special torque control wrench to tighten the bolts and a washer under the turned end of the bolt minimizes friction

CALIBRATED WRENCH METHOD

What bolt has protruding spline ends that extend beyond the threaded portion of the body of the bolt?

TENSION CONTROL BOLT

What tool is used to tighten the nut of tension control bolts by gripping both the nut and the splined and simultaneously, turning one against the other?

SPECIAL POWER-DRIVEN WRENCH

it is a bolt-like steel pin w/ annular rings that rely on a steel collar in lieu of a conventional nut to hold the pin. Alternative to high-strength bolt

LOCKPIN & COLLAR FASTENER OR SWEDGE BOLT

what method joins the member of a steel frame as if they were a Monolithic Whole?

WELDING

SAW in steel construction stands for?

SUBMERGED ARC WELDING

ESW in steel construction stands for?

ELECTROSLAG WELDING

SMAW in steel construction stands for?

SHIELDED METAL ARC WELDING

GMAW in steel construction stands for?

GAS METAL ARC WELDING

FCAW in steel construction stands for?

FLUX CORED ARC WELDING

“S” type of steel

BILLET-STEEL (CARBON STEEL)

"W" type of steel

LOW-ALLOY STEEL

"R" type of steel

RAIL STEEL

"A" type of steel

AXLE STEEL

What type of steel is the most common?

BILLET-STEEL OR CARBON STEEL

What formwork classification is the most common and requires manpower?

CONVENTIONAL

What formwork classification is used for mass production and large scale construction?

INDUSTRIALIZED

What do you call the horizontal sheathing support of a formwork?

WALES

What do you call the vertical sheathing support of a formwork?

STUDS

What steel connection is rigid & fully-restrained?

MOMENT CONNECTION

What steel connection is non-rigid & unrestrained

SHEAR/SIMPLE CONNECTION

What steel connection is partially restrained?

SEMI-RIGID CONNECTION

To connect column with diminishing sizes what is used at connections to make up for this difference in flange thicknesses?

SHIM PLATES

Uses Diagonal Bracing to create stable triangular configurations w/in the unstable rectilinear geometry of the frame

BRACED FRAME

ends of diagonal braces are offset to some distance from each other where they connect to horizontal members

ECCENTRICALLY BRACED FRAME

have neither diagonal bracing nor shear walls; Rely on stronger & stiffer moment connections between beams & columns to provide lateral stability

MOMENT-RESISTING FRAMES

Most common arrangement; the core, the central area containing elevators, stairs, mechanical chases, and washrooms, is structured as a stiff tower, using diagonal bracing or shear walls

RIGID CORE

Diagonal bracing, shear walls, or (less frequently) beam-to-column moment connections are incorporated into the outer walls of the building frame & the entire interior structure is assembled w/ simpler shear connections

RIGID PERIMETER/TUBE STRUCTURES

Thin sheet of steel that has been corrugated to increase its stiffness

METAL DECKING

used as permanent formwork for concrete floor decks, with the reinforced concrete slab supported by the steel decking until the slab can support itself and its live loads

FORM DECK

What corrugated deck is 1 1/2"-2 1/2" (13-64mm) depth?

FORM DECK

What corrugated deck is 11/2"-3" (38-76mm) depth?

COMPOSITE DECK

What corrugated deck is 11/2"-7" (38-178mm) depth?

ROOF DECK

Designed to work together w/ the concrete floor topping to make a stiff, lightweight, economical deck. The metal decking serves as tensile reinforcing for the concrete, to w/c it bonds by special rib patterns in the sheet metal or by small steel rods or wire fabric welded to the tops of the corrugations

COMPOSITE DECK

Single corrugated sheets are commonly used for roof decking, where concentrated loads are not expected to be great & deflection criteria are not as stringent as in floors

ROOF DECK

manufactured by welding together two sheets, one corrugated & one flat. It can be made sufficiently stiff to support normal floor loads w/o struc’l assistance from the concrete topping poured over it; can offer spaces for electrical & communications wiring

CELLULAR DECKING

Consists of a fiber & a binder of cementitious mixture;Acts by insulating the steel from high temperatures for long periods of time;Least expensive form of steel fireproofing

SPRAY-APPLIED FIRE-RESISTIVE MATERIALS / SPRAY-APPLIED FIREPROOFING

produced by flame cutting the web of a wide-flange section along a zigzag or arced path, then reassembling the beam by welding its two halves point to point, thus increasing its depth without increasing its weight. This greatly augments the spanning potential of the beam

CASTELLATED BEAMS

Custom-designed & fabricated. Steel plates & angles are assembled by bolting or welding in such a way as to put the steel exactly where it is needed. The flanges made thicker in mid span where bending forces are higher, more web stiffeners are provided near the ends where web stresses are high, & areas around the supports are specially reinforced.

PLATE GIRDERS

refers to the relative thinness (gauge) of the steel sheet from w/c the members are made

LIGHT GAUGE

fed from continuous coils through machines at room temperature that cold–work the metal & fold it into efficient structural shapes, producing linear members that are stiff & strong

SHEET STEEL

What ASTM standard are light gauge members?

ASTM A1003

Used to join members for light gauge steel framing that meet at right angles

END CLIP

In light gauge steel framing, this attach the ground floor platform to anchor bolts embedded in the foundation

FOUNDATION CLIP

In light gauge steel framing, this connect joists to headers & trimmers around openings

JOIST HANGERS

In light gauge steel framing, this is a two–piece assembly; inserted inside a joist & screwed to its vertical web to help transmit wall loads vertically through the joist

WEB STIFFENER

What mortar type is for Masonry for high lateral / compressive loads & below grade ?

HIGH-STRENGTH MORTAR (Mortar type "M")

What mortar type is for Masonry requiring high flexural bond strength; but subjected to normal compressive loads?

MEDIUM HIGH-STRENGTH MATERIAL (Mortar Type "S")

What mortar type is for general use above grade?

MEDIUM-STRENGTH MORTAR (Mortar Type "N")

What type of mortar is used for Nonloadbearing interior walls & partitions?

MEDIUM LOW-STRENGTH MORTAR (mortar Type "O")

What type of mortar is used for Historic Preservation (Below Standard)?

VERY LOW-STRENGTH MORTAR (mortar Type "K")

what type of mortar is cure by hydration, NOT by drying, Can be retempered if mixed less than 90 minutes prior to its stiffening?

HYDRAULIC CEMENT MORTARS

What type of mortar is a Nonhydraulic Cement, made w/ lime cure through a reaction w/ carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, this process is called CARBONATION ?

LIME MORTAR

[Determine ASTM] Building Brick

ASTM C62

[Determine ASTM] Hollow Brick

ASTM C652

[Determine ASTM] Facing Brick

ASTM C216

[Determine ASTM] Paving Bricks

ASTM C902

[Determine ASTM] Firebricks

ASTM C64

cut stone blocks used to form strong corners on walls

QUOINS

rock deposited from molten state; strongest / hardest rock

IGNEOUS ROCK

A type of rock deposited by the action of water & wind

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

formerly either igneous or sedimentary rock; Properties transformed by heat & pressure

METAMORPHIC ROCK

Strongest/densest of bldg stones; commonly used in exterior cladding; name means “granular” appearance

GRANITE

Rock made of calcium, magnesium, w/ small amts. of clay, sand, & organic mat’l such as seashells/fossils; Softer then both marble & granite; easier to quarry/saw/shape

LIMESTONE

dense, hard stone w/ closely spaced planes of cleavage; quarried in many colors, Easily split into sheets; for paving stones, roof shingles, & thin wall facings

SLATE

a recrystallized form of Limestone, Easily carved & polished; colors from white, black, etc.; w/ beautiful patterns of veining

MARBLE

Sedimentary rock; closely related to limestone; from sediments of limestone dissolved in hot springs/spring water; softer & porous stone; its slabs are pitted w/ voids; not durable for exterior cladding; if used for flooring, pitted surface can collect dirt

TRAVERTINE

rough fin. By torching stone surface; used only on granite, Makes it ideal for floors, especially subjected to wetting

THERMAL / FLAME-CUT FINISH

also a rough fin.; by hammering surface of stone w/ picks

BUSH-HAMMERED FINISH

stone can be split by yielding two-faced slabs; splitting is easier in Slate

SPLIT-FACE (CLEFT) FINISH

stone is not finished beyond sawing & has visible saw marks

SAWN FINISH

when sawn finish is ground smooth w/ abrasive material, requires repeated grinding w/ use of water to control dust; smooth but w matte appearance

HONED FINISH

grinding stone surface w/ finer abrasives and buffing it w/ felt until surface develops a sheen. Clear penetrating sealer adds to sheen & increases durability

POLISHED FINISH

yields rough surface; not commonly used in finishes

SANDBLASTED

independent, isolated, vertical load bearing masonry/non masonry member

COLUMN

used for a masonry column that is short in height; gen. used as foundation for wood frame bldg w/ underlying crawl space

PIER

similar elements to columns and piers; it is a column formed by thickening a small area of a masonry wall w/c may project on one or both sides of the wall; does not require ties unlike RC column unless it’s provided w/ compression reinforcement

PILASTERS

the devl’t of tiny cracks in tile surface during glazing process; causes premature deterioration

CRAZING

warped tiles; if tiles are not uniformly flat

WARPAGE

warped tiles that are slightly higher than those of adjoining tile, could cause people to trip/fall

LIPPAGE

1/8” inch thick mortar bed & consists of polymer–based adhesives, Used where tiles are small, less than 12” x 12”, If subfloor has no excessive surface irregularities

THIN-SET/THIN-BED

2 to 3 inch thick mortar bed, When floor tiles are large (more than 12” x 12”), floor slopes to floor drains

THICK-SET/THICK-BED

1/4" to 3/4" thick mortar bed, Gives extra setting space when subfloor is not properly prepared, when large format tiles (18 to 24 inch in one dimension) are used

MEDIUM-SET/MEDIUM-BED

ready-to-use liquid / powdered water-emulsion latex products that cure by evaporation; Light duty; interior use only; not suitable for high temperatures

ORGANIC ADHESIVES

mix of Portland cement, sand, water, & water-retentive additives; general-duty installations

CEMENT MORTAR

composed of epoxy resin & hardener; heavy-duty installations; High temperature conditions & specific functions

WATER-CLEANABLE EPOXIES

consists of furan resin, powder of carbon or silica fillers; An acid catalyst; formulated for resistance to chemicals

FURAN RESIN MORTARS

used to fill the joints between tile edges after tiles have been set & mortar is cured

SETTING MATERIALS/GROUTS

used for joints greater than 1/8” wide; whereas unsanded cement grouts contain water-retentive additives & are for joints up to 18” wide

SAND-PORTLAND CEMENT GROUT

tend to perform better than port.cem.grouts Possess increased color stability; good flexural & bond strengths, Stain resistance, & lower moisture absorption, so they resist frost damage

POLYMER-MODIFIED CEMENT GROUTS

What is one of the most overlooked aspects of tile install’n for large floor areas ?

MOVEMENT JOINTS

finished to reflective sheen; Resistant to wear; can be scratched & dulled by abrasive mat’ls

POLISHED

Finished to uniformly matte sheen; Can be used to mask wear

HONED

exposure to open flame w/c burns off surface, leaving it slightly roughened w/ improved slip resistance

THERMAL

Wood products from logs via sawing & planning operations only w/ no further manufacturing

LUMBER

Lumber Is Dried Naturally; Slow & can take months

AIR SEASONING

Lumber is dried Faster; high-temperature in kiln also kills fungus

KILN SEASONING

sawing lumber where growth rings run parallel, diagonal, & to edges of cross-sect. rings are perpendicular

PLAN/FLAT-SAWN LUMBER

sawing lumber where Log is cut into 4 pieces thru center; growth rings are perpendicular to its wider faces, more complex & wasteful; but more dimensionally stable; resists wear & abrasion more

RADIAL-SAWN LUMBER / QUARTER SAWING

Surfaced Before Seasoning

SURFACE GREEN/S-GRN

Surfaced on one side; one wide face only

S1S

Surfaced on two sides; both wide faces

S2S

Surfaced on all four faces; for Struc’l Framing

S4S

Surfaced on one side & one edge

S1S1E

used for Struc’l Framing

S2S2E

occurs when branch emerges from tree trunk; presence of knot in a member reduces its strength; especially if it’s close to member’s edge

KNOTS

dead branch during growth

LOOSE KNOT

rotting occurs in the knot

KNOT HOLE

a knot that isn’t loose but has tightly intergrown w/ adjoining tissue

ENCASED KNOT

Drying of wood at member ends & face; surface dried faster than its interior; separation of wood fibers along the rays perpendicular to growth ring

CHECK

separation of wood fibers along its growth rings; occurs from growth, not from drying

SHAKE

weakness from tree growth & intensified during drying; complete separation of wood fibers through the entire end

SPLIT

presence of bark or absence of wood at corner or along the edge of a piece

WANE

well-defined opening between annual ring & softwood; contain/ed solid or liquid pitch

PITCH POCKET

What is the major cause of body deterioration My organisms who use wood as food?

BIODETERIORATION

What are marine borers or water-based organisms who use wood as food?

INSECTS

What are land-based organisms who use wood as food?

TERMITES

What organism nests inside wood but does not eat it?

CARPENTER ANT

What is the oldest and most effective preservative against all wood eating insects distillate of coal tar, black to deep brown in color; used un utility poles, piles, highway guardrail posts, marine bulkheads?

CREOSOTE

Most common Oil-borne preservative; effective against Fungi & Land-based insects, but not Marine-borers; used for bridge timbers & utility poles

PENTACHLOROPHENOL/PENTA

What waterborne preservatives is greenish in color due to copper only allowed for industrial structures?

CHROMATED COPPER ARSENATE

what engineered wood is manufactured in response to span limitations; for long span beams, heavy columns & trusses; Made from individual lengths of dimension lumber, glued together to form large cross sections

GLUE-LAMINATED MEMBERS (GLULAM)

What glulam member is symmetrical in lumber quality above & below the beam’s mid-depth; more versatile; gen. used for continuous beam over 2 or more supports, & beam w/ overhangs/cantilever?

BALANCED GLULAM BEAMS

What glulam member quality is from upper laminations differ from its lower lamination; stamped w/ TOP to ensure correct placement;used only as single-span beams?

UNBALANCED GLULAM BEAMS

gluing a thin strip of high-strength FRP between first & second laminations near edges of beam; Fibers used are ARAMID, GLASS, CARBON, or Highperformance POLYETHYLENE

FIRER REINFORCED PLASTIC GLULAM BEAMS (FRP)

Struc’l Panel laminated from solid lumbers w/ members in alternating layers; for wall, floor, or roof components

CROSS-LAMINATED TIMBERS (CLT)

Composed of dried wood veneers glued together wherein Wood grain runs in the same direction; gen. used for floor joists & rafters

LAMINATED VENEER LUMBER (LVL)

composed of glued narrow strands of veneer in place of wide veneers wherein strands are veneers chopped into strips

PARALLEL STRAND LUMBER (PSL)

made of shredded wood strands coated w/ adhesive, Pressed into rectangular cross section & cured under heat & pressure, the least strong & least expensive of composite lumber, mainly for nonstructural (e.g. rim boards & short span headers)

LAMINATED STRAND LUMBER (LSL) & ORIENTED STRAND LUMBER (OSL)

glued wood flanges to a wood web, Disadvantage is their thin web, w/c makes it relatively unstable; Hence braced during const’n until the installation of floor or roof sheathing, Dimensionally more stable; Lighter & commonly used as floor joists or roof rafters

WOOD I-JOISTS

Blends plastic w/ wood or agricultural fibers; high recycled mat’ls content

WOOD-PLASTIC COMPOSITE (WPC)

nonstruc’l wood panel composed of thin layers of wood veneer glued together

PLYWOOD PANEL

have 2 parallel face veneers bonded to a core of reconstituted wood fibers

COMPOSITE PANELS

struc’l wood; made up of long shreds / strands of wood compressed & glued Strongest & stiffest type of nonveneered panel For sheathing & subflooring of light frame wood buildings; has greater shear strength than plywood panel of same size & thickness

ORIENTED STRANDBOARD (OSB)

nonstruc’l; made up of smaller wood particles then OSB; compressed & bonded into panels; Used mainly as a base mat’l for wood veneer & plastic laminate; underlayment panel

PARTICLEBOARD

nonstruc’l; Very fine-grained board made of wood fibers & synthetic resin binders gen. limited to interior uses

FIBERBOARD

most commonly used form of fiberboard

MEDIUM-DENSITY FIBERBOARD (MDF)

thin, dense panel made of highly compressed wood fibers; For residential siding or gen. purpose siding; weatherproof

HARDBOARD

made from birch, maple, poplar, or alder veneers; Popular in cabinetry & finish carpentry; for higher quality arch’l woodwork, these panels may be faced w/ fine hardwood face veneers

HARDWOOD PLYWOOD

nonstruc’l wall sheathing; low-density panel; Made of wood / vegetable fibers & binders; coated w/ asphalt for water resistance; Low-cost; make use of recycled mat’ls; for acoustical isolation, carpet underlayment

INSULATING FIBERBOARD SHEATHING

panels made from agricultural waste products (wheat, rice, hemp, etc)

AGRIFIBER/BIO-COMPOSITE PANELS

made of wheat or rice straw; has natural resins to bind mat’l; faced sides w/ OSB, etc.

STRAWBOARD PANELS

rapidly growing woody grass; for panels & planks; alternative for int.wood panel or hardwood flooring

BAMBOO

Nails w/o any further treatment for corrosion

BRITE NAILS

corrosion resistant nails

HOT-DIP GALVANIZED NAILS

Nails w/ even higher Corrosion-resistance

STAINLESS STEEL NAILS

for increase holding power; nails are phosphate or vinyl-coated; Produce heat from friction when nail is driven w/c melts the vinyl (increases bond)

VINYL-COATED NAILS

nail w/ tapered head that sinks into wood;gen. vinyl coated; thinner shank, easier to drive into wood

SINKER NAILS

double headed nail for temporary nailing, used in scaffolding & concrete formwork

DUPLEX NAIL

What nail is used for framing connections and most frequently used?

COMMON NAIL

similar to common nail but have thinner shank w/c reduces wood splitting; Gen. used for attaching wood shingles

BOX NAILS

nail used for finish carpentry; for wood trim, window frames, Casing, & decks; Small head for countersinking

CASING NAILS

nail used for finish carpentry; for finer carpentry & finishing;Small head also for countersinking

FINISH NAIL

what nail is used for attaching wood flooring?

SHANK NAILS

nail that is more resistant to withdrawal from wood than smooth shank nails; For attaching sheathing, subflooring, & floor underlayment

DEFORMED SHANK NAILS

nail used for attaching floor sheathing & gypsum wallboard; Gives greater holding power

RING SHANK NAIL

nail w/ a large head for attaching roof shingles

ROOFING NAIL

what nail Can be driven into masonry or concrete for attaching furring strips & sleepers?

HARDENED STEEL CONCRETE NAILS

strongest nail connection w/ highest withdrawal resistance

FACE NAILING

weakest nail connection; nail is parallel to grain in the holding member; used member is not subjected to withdrawal

END NAILING

Nail connection stronger than end nailing; Used where access for end nailing is unavailable

TOE NAILING

what nail connection is nonstructural mostly used for finished wood flooring?

BLIND NAILING

What steel connector connect joists to beam or header?

FACE-MOUNTED HANGER

what steel connector is used when face mounting is not possible?

TOP-MOUNTED HANGER

struc’l adhesive for full exterior exposure

PHENOL-FORMALDEHYDE (PF)

adhesive for interior dry exposure only

UREA-FORMALDEHYDE (UF)

Panels adhered to a stiff plastic foam core

EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE CORE (EPS)

panels attached to dimension lumber framing;Popular choice for const’n of highly energy-efficient homes & small bldgs

STRESSED-SKIN PANELS

a unique American Const’n System

WOOD LIGHT FRAME CONSTRUCTION

referred to as Mud Sill; bottom plate connected to foundation

SILL PLATE

a plate not in contact w/ the foundation

SOLE PLATE

In WFL construction, how many studs should you provide at wall corners or at T-Junction between nails?

min. of three (3) studs

a partial-height stud that supports the Lintel Beam (Header or Lintel Header)

JACK STUD

studs above header or below rough sill

CRIPPLE STUD

provides lateral restraint to the floor joists, reducing their tendency to buckle

RIM JOIST

aligns rafter ends in a straight line at the top and has no struc’l function

RIDGE BOARD

restrain rafters from separating at the ridge; resist wind / uplift loads

COLLAR TIES/COLLAR BEAMS

what is an alternative to collar tie?

RIDGE STRAP

BLDG TECH 2 Flashcards

(309 cards)