ARCHITECTURE LICENSURE EXAM (ALE) > UTIL 5: ACOUSTICS & LIGHTING > Flashcards

UTIL 5: ACOUSTICS & LIGHTING Flashcards

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1
Q

Branch of physics concerned with sound

A

ACOUSTICS

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2
Q

What do you call objectionable or undesired sound?

A

UNWANTED SOUND

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3
Q

What degree of acoustic treatment employees landscape a sound barrier?

A

SITE (1st DEGREE)

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4
Q

What degree of acoustic treatment employs arrangement & quality of building materials, furniture, furnishings?

A

ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS (2nd DEGREE)

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5
Q

What degree of acoustic treatment employs the need for special acoustic treatments in rooms such as conference room, CEO office?

A

ACOUSTIC MATERIALS (3rd DEGREE)

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6
Q

The number of times per second that a vibrating body completes one cycle of motion

A

FREQUENCY

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7
Q

Unit for frequency

A

HERTZ

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8
Q

What pitch is a treble sound having high frequencies?

A

HIGH PITCH

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9
Q

What pitch are bass sounds having low frequencies?

A

LOW PITCH

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10
Q

What frequency can a normal person hear?

A

20-20,000 Hz

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11
Q

What is the frequency range of human speech?

A

300-3,000 Hz

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12
Q

What do you call the rate of sound energy transmitted in a specified direction per unit area normal to the direction?

A

SOUND INTENSITY

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13
Q

What do you call the logarithmic scale applicable to any parameter?

A

DECIBEL (dB)

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14
Q

perceived as loudness and expressed in Pascals (Pa)

A

SOUND PRESSURE

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15
Q

The human impression of the strength of a sound

A

LOUDNESS

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16
Q

The sound energy transferred per second from the noise source to the air

A

SOUND POWER

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17
Q

Dissipates vibrational energy before it can build up and radiate a sound

A

SOUND DAMPENER / DAMPING

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18
Q

Usage of physical barriers to block out sound

A

SOUND ISOLATION/NOISE ISOLATION

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19
Q

The prolongation of the sound in the room caused by continued multiple reflections

A

REVERBERATION

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20
Q

T/F: reverberation is good for music

A

TRUE

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21
Q

T/F: reverberation is bad for music

A

FALSE

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22
Q

T/F: reverberation is good for speech

A

FALSE

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23
Q

T/F: reverberation is bad for speech

A

TRUE

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24
Q

When a sound wave is reflected by a nearby surface

A

REVERBERATION

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25
When a sound wave is reflected by a body more than 50 ft in distance
ECHO
26
Most of the sound is reflected which is almost as loud as incoming sound
REFLECTION
27
Scatter sound depending on desired effect
DIFFUSION
28
What type of surface do you use to focus sound?
CONCAVE SURFACES
29
What type of surface do you use to effectively distribute reflected sound where the reflector is slightly tilted to project sound energy to where the rear of an auditorium?
FLAT SURFACE
30
What type of surface do you use to effectively enhance diffusion, desirable for music
CONVEX SURFACES
31
What type of ceiling is good for speech halls?
FLAT CEILING
32
What type of ceiling is good for music halls?
SLOPED CEILING
33
The distinct repetition of the sound with magnitude and delay
ECHO
34
The repetitive interaction of sound energy between opposing parallel or concave sound reflecting surfaces heard as a high frequency ringing or buzzing
FLUTTER ECHO
35
What type of reflector is for focusing sound?
CONCAVE REFLECTOR
36
What type of reflector is for anti-focusing of sounds?
CONVEX REFLECTOR
37
A type of focus reflection with two focus points where sound is projected in any direction from the point and will travel to another
ELLIPSE
38
What type of focus reflection is used in basketball arenas?
ELLIPSE
39
A type of focused reflection where all rays are directed outward as parallel rays
PARABOLA
40
A type of focus reflection where there is most sound at center
PARABOLA
41
What type of focused reflection creates a rotunda effect?
CREEP
42
The scattering or random redistribution of a sound wave of a surface
DIFFUSION
43
What type of sound reflection is used best in theaters and cinemas?
DIFFUSION
44
A type of sound reflection where the sound wave encounters an obstacle or opening
DIFFRACTION
45
Bending or flowing of a sound wave around an object or through an opening
DIFFRACTION
46
A rating of how absorptive a particular material is
NOISE REDUCTION COEFFICIENT (NRC)
47
The effectiveness of the material to reduce noise is called?
SOUND TRANSMISSION LOSS (TL)
48
The ability of the material to absorb a fraction of the randomly incident sound power
SOUND ABSORPTION COEFFICIENT (SAC)
49
The rating of a material's or assembly's barrier effect
SOUND TRANSMISSION CLASS (STC)
50
To reduce unwanted external noise and eliminate the sound path from a source or receiver
SOUND INSULATION
51
Occurs when some or all of the incident sound energy is either converted into heat or passes through the absorber
SOUND ABSORPTION
52
What does concrete do to sound?
ABSORB
53
What does mineral wool do to sound
INSULATE
54
Another term for lighting
ILLUMINATION
55
Another term for illumination
LIGHTING
56
The deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects
LIGHTING (ILLUMINATION)
57
What is the unit of luminous intensity of a light source?
CANDLEPOWER (CP)
58
The ability of light source to produce illumination
CANDELA (cd) / CANDLEPOWER (CP)
59
T/F: candela and candle power have the same magnitude
TRUE
60
The SI unit of luminous intensity
CANDELA (cd)
61
The unit for measuring flow of light energy
LUMEN (Im)
62
Another term for lumen in the lighting field
LUMINOUS FLUX
63
Another term for luminous flux in the lighting field
LUMEN (Im)
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The density of luminous flux expressed as lumens per unit area
ILLUMINATION
65
Expressed in lumens per square foot
FOOTCANDLE (FC)
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Expressed in lumens per square meter
LUX
67
The ratio of light absorbed by a material to the incident light falling on it
ABSORPTANCE
68
Angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incident light
SPECULAR REFLECTION
69
The reflected light is scattered in all directions so that the reflecting surface appears equally bright from any angle of view
DIFFUSE REFLECTION
70
When light passes through clear transparent materials
DIRECT TRANSMISSION
71
When light is scattered evenly in all directions appearing equally bright from any angle of view
DIFFUSE TRANSMISSION
72
What do you call materials that transmit light in a diffuse pattern?
TRANSLUCENT
73
The bending of a ray of light as it passes obliquely through a material
REFRACTION
74
Unit for measuring brightness
FOOTLAMBERT (FL)
75
The intensity of light being emitted transmitted or reflected from a surface
BRIGHTNESS (LUMINANCE)
76
Perceived light is called?
BRIGHTNESS
77
Measured quantity of light is called?
LUMINANCE
78
The illumination on a surface is measured in?
FOOTCANDLE (FC)
79
The brightness from a surface is measured in?
FOOTLAMBERT (FL)
80
The effect of excessive brightness in the field of view causing annoyance or discomfort
GLARE
81
Glare from natural light
DISCOMFORT GLARE
82
Glare from artificial light
DISABILITY GLARE
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A generic term for artificial light source
LAMP
84
A complete lighting unit referred to as a fixture
LUMINAIRE
85
Device for redirecting the radiant energy of a lamp by reflecting it in a desired direction
REFLECTOR
86
Device for redirecting the radiant energy of a lamp in the desired direction by refraction through a lens
REFRACTOR
87
Ratio of light output to light produced
EFFICIENCY
88
Ratio of luminous flux output to power input
EFFICACY
89
Provides area with overall illumination
GENERAL LIGHTING
90
Provides fairly uniform lighting
GENERAL LIGHTING
91
Increases light levels over the work and immediate surroundings
TASK (LOCAL) LIGHTING
92
What type of lighting allows the user to adjust and control lighting?
TASK (LOCAL) LIGHTING
93
Directional lighting to emphasize a particular object
ACCENT LIGHTING
94
Directional lighting to draw attention to a display item
ACCENT LIGHTING
95
A lighting source that closely replicates natural sunlight
NATURAL LIGHTING
96
The most practical method of passive solar energy utilization
DAYLIGHTING
97
Lighting that tends to create shadows
DIRECT LIGHTING
98
Distribute light equally upward and downward
DIRECT-INDIRECT
99
Distribute 90 to 100% of the light upward
INDIRECT
100
Lighting that uses diffusers lenses and louvers to cover bulbs from direct view to prevent glare and distribute light
SHIELDED LIGHTING
101
Lighting using translucent covers
DIFFUSERS
102
Lighting using clear transparent glass
LENSES
103
Lighting using baffles
LOUVERS
104
Lighting where walls and ceilings have high reflectance finish
INDIRECT LIGHTING
105
What type of fixture emits light equally in all directions?
GENERAL DIFFUSE FIXTURES
106
What type of lighting fixtures have an open top, luminous side, and diffusing bottom
DIRECT-INDIRECT FIXTURES
107
Type of lighting where all light is directed downward
DIRECT LIGHTING
108
What lamp is the least efficient of all lamps where exact color depends on temperature as determined by wattage?
INCANDESCENT LAMP
109
What color is emitted by high-wattage incandescent lamps?
BLUE
110
what color is emitted by low-wattage incandescent lamps?
YELLOW
111
What type of light has narrow beam designs?
SPOTLIGHTS
112
What type of light has wide beam designs?
FLOODLIGHTS
113
What lamp is more efficient than an incandescent lamp with economical light production and light output is dependent on the operating temperature of the tube?
FLUORESCENT LAMP
114
What light has a color temperature around 3,000K, providing a yellowish-white light?
WARM WHITE
115
What light has a color temperature of around 4,100K?
COOL WHITE
116
How many Kelvins does a warm white color temperature have?
3000K
117
How many Kelvins does a cool white color temperature have?
4100K
118
What lamp has a high efficacy with appropriate color correction, include mercury vapor, metal halide, and high- and low- pressure sodium lamps?
HIGH-INTENSITY DISCHARGE (HID) LAMPS
119
What lamp has a distinctive blue-green light?
MERCURY VAPOR (M-V) LAMPS
120
What lamp is used as street lamps?
MERCURY VAPOR (M-V) LAMPS
121
What lamp is used for billboards?
METAL-HALIDE LAMPS
122
Mercury lamp with highlights of metals such as thalium, indium, or sodium
METAL-HALIDE LAMP
123
What lamp has yellow tinted color due to sodium contained within them under high pressure?
HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM (HPS) LAMP
124
What lamp has a distinctive deep yellow light output?
LOW PRESSURE SODIUM (LPS) LAMP
125
What lamp is used for highway lighting?
LOW PRESSURE SODIUM (LPS) LAMP
126
The subjective term for frequency
PITCH
127
Sound pressure converted to the decibel scale
SOUND PRESSURE LEVEL
128
Use to absorb the vibration of a generator base
VIBRATION ISOLATOR
129
How many decibels is considered safe exposure limit for human reception for 8 hours a day
85dB
130
Absorbs and keeps sound
INSULATION
131
Absorbs sound and transmits excess sound to the next room
ABSORPTION
132
Sound reflected on one focus point
PARABOLA
133
Material with the lowest STC rating
EMPTY WALL
134
Material with the highest STC rating
HANDI-FOAM
135
A type of lighting system that employs a translucent diffusing element through which the downward component shines
SEMI-INDIRECT
136
A type of lighting system where the minor upward component serves to illuminate the ceiling
SEMI-DIRECT
137
Meaning of LED
LIGHT EMITTING DIODE
138
A type of light used for stadiums
METAL HALIDE
139
What type of light is used for outdoor parking?
HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM (HPS)
140
What type of light is used for indoor parking?
HIGH PRESSURE SODIUM (HPS)
141
Has a tube, starter, and a ballast with low mercury vapor
FLUORESCENT
142
Has a filament and glass bulb
INCANDESCENT
143
An energy saving light that has 8,000 hours lifespan
COMPACT FLUORESCENT (CFL)
144
An energy saving light that has 50,000 hours lifespan
LED
145
A color of light used for T12 and other fluorescent lamps
COOL WHITE
146
A color of light used for incandescent bulbs
WARM WHITE
147
Meaning of ESL
ELECTRO-STIMULATED LUMINESCENCE
148
Meaning of SSL
SOLID-STATE LIGHTING
149
What do you call a local lighting used for a particular task on a work area?
TASK LIGHTING
150
What is used to intensify light?
REFLECTOR
151
The power of sound
VOLUME
152
The magnitude of sound
INTENSITY
153
What type of switch has a pilot lamp that allows it to be seen in the dark?
ILLUMINATED SWITCH
154
A high intensity discharge lamp in which the light is produced by the radiation from a mixture of a metallic vapor, similar to that of a mercury lamp in construction.
METAL HALIDE LAMP
155
A type of lamp popular for lighting commercial interiors, uses argon gas to ease starting, it produces light by means of an electric discharge in mercury vapor.
MERCURY LAMP
156
A type of lamp which produces light by means of the reaction of halogen additive in the bulb with tungsten.
TUNGSTEN HALOGEN LAMP
157
A type of lamp generally used for roadways and sidewalks, uses sodium gas.
HIGH-PRESSURE SODIUM (HPS)
158
The process of dissipating sound energy by converting it to heat
SOUND ABSORPTION
159
The system of deadening sound materials to wall, ceiling, floors to prevent sound from passing through the members into adjoining room
SOUND INSULATION
160
Reflection of sound from curve surface
CREEP
161
rate of repetition of a periodic phenomenon
FREQUENCY
162
simplest kind of sound composed entirely of sound waves of a single frequency
PURE TONE
163
Unit of loudness level.
PHON
164
The reduction in the intensity or in the sound pressure level of sound which is transmitted from one point to another
SOUND ATTENUATION
165
Acoustical phenomenon which causes sound wave to be bent or scattered around
SOUND DIFFRACTION
166
A type of perimeter detector which detects object in heat range of body temperature
PASSIVE INFRARED
167
A type of perimeter detector which detects change in sound wave pattern
ULTRASONIC
168
A type of perimeter detector which is subject to false alarm from aircraft radar and from movement outside building through window, wood doors, and the like. It uses radio waves
MICROWAVE
169
The bending of sound wave when traveling forward changes direction as it passes through different densities
REFRACTION
170
Who is the American physicist who pioneered work on sound and is said to be the father of architectural acoustics?
WALLACE CLEMENT SABINE
171
What do you call sounds higher than 20,000 Hertz?
ULTRASONIC
172
what is the unit of acoustic absorption?
SABINS
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