EMS Senior year > C.11 > Flashcards

C.11 Flashcards

(59 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

When should you be concerned with respiratory rate?

A

Below 8 or above 24. Average is 12-20.

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2
Q

Do elders have a higher respiratory rate or a lower respiratory rate?

A

Higher. Their average is 20-24 because they typically have a decreased tidal volume

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3
Q

For an adult patient and an infant/young child, when should you give them assisted ventilation?

A

Adult: RR rate greater than 40
Infant: RR rate greater than 60

You should do this because:

1) the patient will not be able to sustain that rate for a long period
2) the rate is so fast that the lungs don’t have time to fill adequately.

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4
Q

True or false: a normal quality correlates with an adequate tidal volume whereas an abnormal quality is usually an indication of inadequate tidal volume

A

True

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5
Q

A few different types of respiratory qualities?

A

Normal: 1 inch chest wall expanison, no accessory muscle usage, quiet, normal rate, exhalation is 2x longer than inhalation
Shallow: slight chest wall expansion
Labor: working hard to breathe, abnormal sounds like stirdor, (retractions in infants and children maybe of skins n muscles around clavicle)
Noisy: snoring, wheezing, gurgling, crowing, stridor, etc.

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6
Q

Cheyne strokes

A

The respiratory rate and tidal volume gradually increase and gradually decrease , followed by a period of apnea for up to ten seconds.

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7
Q

Biot

A

The respiratory rate pattern is interrupted by a period of apena

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8
Q

Apneustic

A

Prolonged periods of inhalation

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9
Q

Ataxic

A

An irregularuarly irregular pattern of rate and tidal volume

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10
Q

Agonal

A

Long period of apena with gasping

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11
Q

Central neurogenic hyperventilation

A

A sustained deep and rapid respiratory rate of at least twenty-five breaths per minute but with a regular pattern

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12
Q

Kussmual

A

Deep and rapid LABORED breathing because of the labored tidal volume

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13
Q

Carotid artery

A

Found between trachea and muscle mass

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14
Q

Femoral artery

A

Found between lower abdomen and upper thigh

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15
Q

Brachial artery

A

Found on the medial aspect of the arm midway between the shoulder and the elbow

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16
Q

Posterior tibia artery

A

Found at the ankle bone

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17
Q

Dorsalis pedis artery

A

Found on the top of the foot on the toe side

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18
Q

If the patient is one year or older what pulse should you check?

A

Radial or if you cant check periheral pulses, check the carotid which is a central pulse; if younger than 1 year, check brachial

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19
Q

When is it considered tachycardia?

A

Above 100 bpm

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20
Q

When is it considered bradycardia?

A

Below 60 bpm

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21
Q

When is the HR seriously bad?

A

Below 45 or above 130

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22
Q

For neonates, what is considered bradycardia?

A

Below 100

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23
Q

Typical resting hr for 70 year old?

A

Around 90 bpm

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24
Q

How would you check the pulse? Aka assess HR

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Position the patient either sitting or lying down
  2. Using the tips of two or three fingers, palpate the artery
  3. Count the number beats in a thirty second period then multiply by two but check for a whole minute in an irregular pulse
25
Define a strong pulse
This refers to a pulse that is both full and normally strong. Not too strong like a bounding pulse
26
Define a week pulse
This is a post that doesn't feel full or maybe difficult to find. A weak pulse may also be rapid "thready"
27
Define regular pulse
This is a usually a normal pulse that occurs at regular intervals with a smooth rhythm
28
Define irregular pulse
This pulse occurs at irregular intervals.
29
What is pulsus paradoxus?
A decrease in the strength of the pulse during the inspiratory phase of the patient.
30
What does skin color indicate?
How well the blood is oxygenated and circulated to the skin. Therefore how well the lungs in heart are working.
31
In order to. Assess skin.What should you check in all patients?
The color of their nail beds, their oral mucosa, and conjunctiva (mucous membranes that line the eye-lids). They should all be pink.
32
what does paleness or pallor indicate?
Vasoconstriction, blood loss, shock, heart attack, fright, etc
33
What does synosis indicate?
Is inadequate oxygenation or poor profusion. Often appears first in the fingertips and around the mouth also called circumoral cyanosis. Series and late sign.
34
What does the red color or flushing indicate?
A sign of heat exposure, peripheral vaso dilation or a very light finding and carbon monoxide poisoning.
35
What does the yellow collar or jaundice indicate?
Liver disease
36
What does molting indicate?
Molting is a discoloration similar to cyanosis. However, it occurs as a BLOTCHY pattern.
37
True or false capullary refill is more reliable in infants and younger children
True because younger children usually have very little underlying disease that might affect the perfusion in the capillaries
38
What are average capullary refill times for infants, childern and male adults; females; elderly
2 seconds for infants, childern, and male adults 3 seconds for females 4 seconds for Elderly
39
What do dilated pupils indicate
Use of certain drugs including LSD, amphetamines and atropine and cocaine
40
What do constricted pupils indicate?
A central nervous system disorder, the use of narcotics, glaucoma medications or a brightly lit environment
41
What do pupils of an unequal size indicate?
Stroke, head injury, an artificial eye, disease of the eye, use of certain eye drops, injury to the eye or nerve. Although some people. Although so people do have normally unequal pupils.
42
What is anisocoria?
An eye condition in which people's pupils are unequal. The eyes remain reactive to light and the size difference is not great. This condition may be a congenital defect or from an eye injury.
43
What Is reactivity?
Refers to the pupil changing in size in response to light
44
When do eyes constrict or dilate?
Constrict: light room Dilate: dark room
45
What is fixed pupil?
If one or both pupils do not constrict to light shined in one eye
46
What is a possible problem if pupils are non reactive?
Cardiac arrest, brain injury, eye drops or drug intoxication or overdose
47
What is systolic blood pressure?
The amount of pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries during the contraction and injection of the blood from the left ventricle
48
What is the relationship between systolic blood pressure and pulse?
If the systolic blood pressure is low, the pulse will be weak or absent. If the systolic blood pressure is high the pulse will be bounding
49
Is what is diastolic blood pressure?
The amount of pressure on the arteries while the ventricle is at rest and not contracting
50
How is diastolic blood pressure related to the blood in the artery and the diameter?
If the arteries is constricted, the dystolic blood pressure increases.
51
When measuring blood pressure should you ever round it?
Yes you never write odd numbers-> 111->112 rounded up to the nearest even
52
What is korotkoff?
The systolic sound
53
Normal blood pressures for adults and hypertension and prehypertension ranges?
Adult: 120 systolic or less at rest, 121-139 is prehypertension, and 140+ is hypertension. 80 or less is normal for diastolic. Any diastolic between 81 and 89 is consider prehypertension and any above 90 diastolic is diastolic hypertension. Elderly have higher systolic bps.
54
Formula for finding bp in child 1-10 yrs old?
70+(2xage). Hence a 6 yr old would have a normal systolic of 82 or below. Oh and btw a rough estimation diastolic is normally 2/3 of systolic.
55
Bp for a child above 10 yrs old?
Minimum bp of 90 systolic
56
What is? Pulse pressure?
The difference between the systolic blood pressure and the diastolic blood pressure
57
How would we categorize a narrow or wide pulse pressure?
If pluse pressure is less than 25% of systolic: narrow If pulse pressure is greater than 50% of the systolic: wide
58
What is the orthostatic vital sign? Tilt test
Basically. You placed the patient in a supine position and measure his blood pressure and heart rate. Then after two minutes you reassess the blood pressure and heart rate after they stand up. If. While the patient is standing the heart rate increases by greater than 10-20 BPM and the stolic blood pressure decreases by 10-20 compared to the readings when the patient was supine, it indicates a significant loss of blood or fluid.
59
With which population should you be careful with the tilt test?
Elderly.
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