1. prepare AED for possibility of cardiac arrest 2. ensure airway and provide PPV if breathing is inadequate 3. maintain SpO2 = 90% 4. place patient in position of comfort 5. administer 1 tablet of nitro every 3-5 minutes up to 3 tablets IF systolic BP > 90, and the patient has not taken vasoconstricting medication 6. administer 160-325 mg of aspirin if protocol allows 7. Notify receiving hospital early of suspected MIs

Cardiovascular emergencies Flashcards by Alexander Delgado [STUDENT]

diagonse

-STEADY DISCOMFORT
-DISCOMFORT DESCRIBED AS PRESSURE, TIGHTNESS, ACHING, CRUSHING, OR HEAVY
-DISCOMFORT MAY RADIATE TO SHOULDERS, ARMS, NECK, JAW, BACK, OR EPIGASTRIC
-cool, clammy skin
-anxiety
-dyspnea
-diaphoresis
-nausea and vomiting
-INDIESTION PAIN (BURNING OR DISCOMFORT IN UPPER ABDOMEN)

Angina pectoris (stable lasts for 2-15 minutes and S/S go away when relieved with nitroglycerin or source of stress but there is also unstable that lasts for a prolonged period of time. with unstable, nitro provides no relief or little, similar to AMI)

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Name 4 Hallmark S/S of angina pectoris

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Angina pectoris emergency care

1.establish open airway
2. begin PPV if needed
3. Reach SPO2 = 90%
4. Administer nitroglycerin if patient is able (BP > 90, has not taken vasoconstricting medication, and give him a tablet of nitro)
5. Administer 160-325 mg of aspiring is you suspect a coronary artery occlusion

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diagnose

-CHEST DISCOMFORT RADIATING TO JAW, ARMS, SHOULDERS, AND BACK
-NO OR LITTLE RELIEF BROUGHT WITH NITRO
-SENSE OF IMPENDING DOOM
-anxiety
-dyspnea
-disphoresis
-nausea and vomiting
-light-headedness or dizziness
-weakness

Acute Myocardial Infraction (AMI)

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Name 3 Hallmark S/S of AMI

CHEST DISCOMFORT RADIATING TO JAW, ARMS, SHOULDERS, AND BACK
-NO OR LITTLE RELIEF BROUGHT WITH NITRO
-SENSE OF IMPENDING DOOM
-anxiety
-dyspnea
-disphoresis
-nausea and vomiting
-light-headedness or dizziness
-weakness

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AMI emergency care

prepare AED for possibility of cardiac arrest
ensure airway and provide PPV if breathing is inadequate
maintain SpO2 = 90%
place patient in position of comfort
administer 1 tablet of nitro every 3-5 minutes up to 3 tablets IF systolic BP > 90, and the patient has not taken vasoconstricting medication
administer 160-325 mg of aspirin if protocol allows
Notify receiving hospital early of suspected MIs

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diagnose

-SHARP TEARING PAIN FELT IN THE BACK, FLANK, OR ARMS
-SYNCOPE
-POSSIBLE STROKE OR MYOCARDIAL LIKE SYMPTOMS
-DIFFERENCE OF 20 mmHg OR GREATER IN SYSTOLIC READINGS BETWEEN ARMS
-SEVERE DECREASE OR DIFFERENCE IN UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITIES PULSE AMPLITUDE

Aortic dissection/distension

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Give 5 Hallmark S/S for aortic dissection/distention

-SHARP TEARING PAIN FELT IN THE BACK, FLANK, OR ARMS (MI TYPE SYMPTOMS)
-SYNCOPE
-POSSIBLE STROKE OR MYOCARDIAL LIKE SYMPTOMS
-DIFFERENCE OF 20 mmHg OR GREATER IN SYSTOLIC READINGS BETWEEN ARMS
-SEVERE DECREASE OR DIFFERENCE IN UPPER AND LOWER EXTREMITIES PULSE AMPLITUDE

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Aortic dissection/distention emergency care

administer O2 15 LPM presumably due to their internal bleeding
administer nitro if BP > 90 mmHg, no S/S of hypovolemia are present (thirst, fatigue, dizziness upon standing, muscle cramps, and dry mouth), and no vasoconstricting drugs have been taken

*NEVER ADMINSTER NITRO

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diagnose

-PAIN FELT IN THE ABDOMEN, BACK, AND GROIN
-FEELS LIKE KIDNEY STONES BEFORE RUPTURE
-PULSATING MASS CAN BE FELT (LATE SIGN)
-possible history of atherosclerosis

Aortic aneurysm

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Name 3 Hallmark S/S of aortic aneurysm

-PAIN FELT IN THE ABDOMEN, BACK, AND GROIN
-FEELS LIKE KIDNEY STONES BEFORE RUPTURE
-PULSATING MASS CAN BE FELT (LATE SIGN)
-possible history of atherosclerosis
-DIFFERENE OF 20 BP between arms
-differewnce in pulse aplitude

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aortic aneurysm emergency care

administer O2
transport

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diagnose

-INSPIRATORY RALES
-UPRIGHT POSITION WITH LEGS, FEET, ARMS, AND HANDS DANGLING
-PATIENT COMMONLY TAKES DIURETICS
-PINK FROTHY SPUTUM
-normal to high BP
-severe dyspnea
-tachycardia
-fatigue
-anxiety
-cool clammy pale skin
-chest discomfort
-cyanosis
-decreased SpO2

Left CHF

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Name 6 hallmark S/S of left CHF

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Diagnose

-JVD
-UPRIGHT POSITION WITH LEGS, FEET, ARMS, AND HANDS DANGLING
-ORTHOPNEA
-EDEMA TO THE HANDS
-PATIENT COMMONLY TAKES DIURETICS
-normal to low BP
-severe dyspnea
-tachycardia
-fatigue
-anxiety
-cool clammy pale skin
-chest discomfort
-cyanosis
-decreased SpO2
-PERIPHERAL EDEMA

Right CHF

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name 6 Hallmark S/S of right CHF

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CHF emergency care

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be prepared patient may go into cardiac arrest
PPV if needed
reach SpO2 of > 94% or only a SpO2 of 90% if patient has acute coronary syndrome, AMI, dyspneic, hypoxemic, or has obvious signs of heart failure
if pulmonary edema is present, do CPAP
if chest discomfort is present, administer 1 tablet of nitro every 3-5 up to 3 tablets, BP must be > 90, patient must have not taken Cialis within the last 48 hrs, Viagra within the last 24 hrs
administer aspirin if protocol allows

Diagnose

-HEMIPARALYSIS
-NUMBNESS, TINGLING, AND LOSS OF SENSATION
-LANGUAGE DISTURBANCE
-VISION DISTURBANCE
-eye gaze

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anterior circulation stroke

diagnose

-PARALYSIS AND MOTOR DEFICITS
-NUMBNESS, TINGLING, AND LOSS OF SENSATION
-LANGUAGE DISTURBANCE
-VISION DISTURBANCE
-ATAXIA AND VERTIGO
-AMS
-HYPERpulse

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posterior circulation stroke

List 4 Hallmark S/S for anterior circulation stroke

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-HEMIPARALYSIS
-NUMBNESS, TINGLING, AND LOSS OF SENSATION
-LANGUAGE DISTURBANCE
-VISION DISTURBANCE
-eye gaze

List 5 hallmark S/S for posterior circulation stroke

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-PARALYSIS AND MOTOR DEFICITS
-NUMBNESS, TINGLING, AND LOSS OF SENSATION
-LANGUAGE DISTURBANCE
-VISION DISTURBANCE
-ATAXIA AND VERTIGO

Stroke emergency care

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maintain a patent airway
suction if needed
reach SpO2 > 94%
position patient in recovery position if AMS. supine if responsive
check BGL

Diagnose

-BGL BELOW 70
-TREMORS
-HUNGER
-diaphoresis
-weakness
-tachycardia
-dizziness
-pale, cool, clammy skin
-WARM SENSATION
-CONFUSION /DISORIENTATION /AMS / UNRESPONSIVENESS / APPEARS INTOXICATED
-SEIZURES
-STROKE LIKE SYMPTOMS

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Hypoglycemia

List 6 hallmark S/S for hypoglycemia

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hypoglycemia emergency care

1. establish airway 2. reach SpO2 > 94% 3. PPV if needed 4. assess GBL 5. Administer 15 mg of oral glucose

diagnose -WARM TINGLING FEELING IN THE FACE, MOUTH, CHEST, FEET, AND HANDS -INTENSE ITCHING -HIVES -chest tightness -coughing -labored breathing -partially or completed occluded airway -dyspnea -tachycardia -hypotension -anxiety -diarrhea -FLUSHED OR RED SKIN -SWELLING TO THE FACE, LIPS, NECK, AND TONGUE -IRREGULAR PULSE -ITCHY WATERY EYES

Anaphylatic shock/reaction

List 6 Hallmark S/S of Anaphylatic shock/reaction

-WARM TINGLING FEELING IN THE FACE, MOUTH, CHEST, FEET, AND HANDS -INTENSE ITCHING -HIVES -chest tightness -coughing -labored breathing -partially or completed occluded airway -dyspnea -tachycardia -hypotension -anxiety -diarrhea -FLUSHED OR RED SKIN -SWELLING TO THE FACE, LIPS, NECK, AND TONGUE -IRREGULAR PULSE -ITCHY WATERY EYES

Anaphylactic reaction/shock emergency care

1. EPINEPHRINE (.3 mg dose, a second dose may be required) 2. maintain airway 3. suction if needed 4. administer O2 15 LPM with NRM due to airway resistance, to reach SpO2 > 94% 5. you can switch to NC once anaphylactic reaction is reversed and hypoxemia is reversed 6. Be prepared to provide PPV

Diagnose -ALTERED LOC /AMS -HIGH SPO2 -headache -tachypnea -dizziness -nausea -vomiting

Carbon monoxide poisoning

List 2 Hallmark S/S of carbon monoxide poisoning

-ALTERED LOC /AMS -HIGH SPO2 -headache -tachypnea -dizziness -nausea -vomiting

Carbon monoxide poisoning emergency care

1. establish and maintain airway 2. ADMINISTER 15 LPM HIGH CONCERTRATION OXYGEN REGARDLESS OF SPO2 3. do PPV if needed 4. transport

diagnose -CNS DEPRESSION -MIOSIS (constricted pupils) -SEIZURE -respiratory distress -hypotension -bradycardia -hypoglycemia -HYPOTHERMIA -TREMORS -ATAXIA lack of muscle coordination

Opioid overdose

List 5 hallmark S/S of opioid overdose

-CNS DEPRESSION -MIOSIS (constricted pupils) -SEIZURE -respiratory distress -hypotension -bradycardia -hypoglycemia -HYPOTHERMIA -TREMORS -ATAXIA

Opioid overdose emergency care

1. establish and maintain airway 2. PPV if needed 3. administer O2 via NC to reach SpO2 > 94% 4. ADMINISTER NARCAN (4 mg, 2 mg in each nostril) 5. Repeat narcan until no longer necessary

Cardiovascular emergencies Flashcards

(34 cards)