indomethacin
-used to help close PDA
prazosin (target, treatment for… (2))
- selective alpha 1 blockade
- HTN and BPH
drug given to pts with torsade de pointes
-IV magnesium sulfate
amiodarone… (MOA, use and SE)
- class III anti-arrhythmic, used as second line in a.fib
- can lead to hyper or hypothyroidism, pulmonary fibrosis and hepatotoxicity
fibrates (name one, general MOA, end goal and side effects)
- gemfbrozil
- increase lipoprotein lipase
- most effective medication to lower triglyceride levels
- cholesterol gallstones, myositis, hepatotoxicity
COX-2 vs Aspirin (targets, importance for thrombi)
- cox 2: inhibits prostaglandin i2
- aspirin: inhibits prostaglandin i2 and thromboxane a2
- thromboxane a2 is a platelet aggregator and prothrombotic
lupus like syndrome drug SE
- procainamide (anti-arrythmic)
- also minocycline, valproate, hydralazine, sulfasalazine, isoniazid, penacillamine
non-dyhydropyridine calcium channel blockers
- diltiazam and verapamil
- both decrease inward flow of calcium through L-type channels and increases time to recover
- effect of decreasing HR and contractility
class III anti-arrhythmic B-blocker (name and use)
- sotalol
- SVT (doesn’t widen QRS)
cardio drug that can mask poorly controlled diabetes
-B-blockers, decrease HR (tachy is symptom of hypoglycemia)
esmolol (target and use (because of special features))
- ultra short acting beta 1 specific blocker
- used in SVT or atrial flutter
phenoxybenzamine (target and use)
- selective, irreversible, alpha 1 antagonist
- used prior to surgery for pheochromocytoma
beta blocker effect on contractility and HR (beta-1) (think about EDV, ejection time and O2 consuption also)
- decrease both
- leads to increased EDV (more time for filling) and increasing ejection time (more blood to push), ultimately decreasing the hearts oxygen consumption
special feature of ethacrynic acid
-only diuretic that is not a sulfa derivative
procainamide
- class 1a anti-arrhythmic… which means it does 2 things…
- blocks sodium channels, decreasing conduction velocity (widening QRS)
- blocks K channels increasing effective refractory period
digoxin (MOA, tx for…)
- inhibition of Na/K pump, leads to accumulation of Na in the cell… reduces exchange of (external) sodium for (internal) Ca++ increasing Ca++ levels in the cell, increasing contractility
- increase ejection fraction, more blood to periphery per beat…. tx for CHF
hydralazine (what is it, who is it first line tx for, what do you need to coadminister)
- potent vasodilator used for HTN in pregnant women
- co-administer b-blocker to counteract reflex tachycardia
most effective medicine for increasing HDL… (also, SE and tx of SE)
- niacin
- flushing, co-administer aspirin
labetalol targets
-alpha 1, alpha 2 beta 1, beta 2
atenalol targets
-beta 1
doxorubicin and daunorubicin
-DNA intercalators, significant cardiac toxicity
niacin deficiency leads to… (what B vitamin is niacin?)
- B3 deficiency…. pellagra (4 D’s)
- dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death
doxazosin (MOA, tx (2))
- selective alpha-1 antagonist
- HTN (relaxes vascular smooth muscle)
- BPH (relaxes smooth muscle in bladder and urethra
