What is cartilage?
Cartilage is a specialized type of connective tissue. Composed of hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage types. It consists of collagenous fibers embedded in a firm matrix of
chondroitin sulfates. Caritilage consists of cells + the substances they produce which form the matrix.
What are the specialised forms of connective tissue in the skeletal system?
cartilage, bones, ligaments and tendons.
What is the function of cartilage?
provides semi-rigid support in certain sites.
What is the function of bones?
provide a strong supporting framework for soft tissues
What is the function of ligaments?
They are strong bands of connective tissue that stabiles joints.
What is the function of tendons?
They are strong bands of connective that connects muscle to bone.
What does cartilage consist of?
cells and the substances they produce which form the matrix.
* The mature cell in all cartilage is the chondrocyte.
* These cells sit in spaces called lacunae.
What is the chondrocyte + where is it found?
The mature cell in all cartilage - they sit in spaces called lacunae.
How is the matrix formed?
Chondrocytes produce material/secrete substances which form the matrix.
What does the matrix consist of?
The matrix is composed largely of two things:
- A gel-like fluid called ground substance.
- Protein fibers made up or collagen and/or elastin.
How many types of cartilage in the human body?
3
What are the types of cartilage in the human body?
- Hyaline cartilage
- Elastic cartilage (elastin fibres in the matrix)
- Fibrocartilage (collagen fibres in the matrix)
Each type has a diff matrix composition.
What is hyaline cartilage?
Most abundant type of cartilage.
It has a perichondrium. Hyaline cartilage provides support with some
flexibility.
What does hyaline cartilage form?
Forms precursor of bone in the developing skeleton
Where is hyaline cartilage found?
Found in joint surfaces, nasal septum, larynx,
tracheal rings, bronchi, sternal ends of ribs
What are chondrocytes?
Chondrocytes are living cells that require nutrients
What are Isogenous groups?
Chondrocytes clusters in hyaline cartilage.
What does avascular mean?
Cartilage is avascular – it does not have a blood supply.
What is the perichondrium?
The perichondrium is a connective tissue covering
that surrounds cartilage.
* It contains blood vessels and nutrients and waste
diffuse in to and out from the chondrocytes.
* Reason why cartilage heals very slowly.
** No perichondrium in hyaline cartilage in joints **
What part of hyaline cartilage does not have perichondrium?
In joints of hyaline cartilage there is no perichondrium.
How do chondrocytes get nutrients?
The perichondrium, which surrounds cartilage, contains blood vessels, & nutrients + wastes diffuse in to and out from the chondrocytes.
Why does cartilage heal slowly?
The perichondrium is a connective tissue covering
that surrounds cartilage.
* It contains blood vessels and nutrients and waste
diffuse in to and out from the chondrocytes.
* Reason why cartilage heals very slowly.
What is articular cartilage in synovial joints?
Hyaline cartilage covering the end of long bones is called articular cartilage.
* Specialized type of hyaline cartilage.
* Means very little friction to allow easy movement. Helps to absorb stress on the joints.
Fibrocartilage provides
some compressibility and can absorb pressure.
Do synovial joints have a perichondrium?
No perichondrium à bathed and nourished
by the synovial fluid in the joint.
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Anatomical Terminology146
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Bone61
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Cartilage38
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Spinal Cord80
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Joints72
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Respiratory Muscles & Breathing131
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Respiratory & Abdominal Viscera163
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The Trunk: Vertebral Column64
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Nervous System191
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Pharynx & Larynx188
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Skull: Facial Bones81
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Nasal Cavity:33
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Skull - Cranial Bones:63
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Muscles of Facial Expression40
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Muscles of Mastication50
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Oral Cavity & Tongue:72
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Outer and Middle Ear:62
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Dentition55
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Inner Ear80
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Eye14
