1
Q
Label the inner ear - see canvas pp diagram
A
2
Q
Label the external, middle & inner ear - see canvas pp diagram:
A
3
Q
What are the functions of the inner ear?
A
- Receptors of the inner ear provide sensation of
– Equilibrium (The vestibular system)
– Hearing (Cochlea)
4
Q
What is equilibrium involved in?
A
vestibular system
5
Q
Name for hearing:
A
cochlea
6
Q
Label the vestibule & cochlea - see canvas pp diagram:
A
7
Q
What is the bony labyrinth?
A
A series of bone cavities in the
temporal bone
8
Q
What is the ampulla?
A
Ampulla – provides sense of
spatial awareness
9
Q
List the components of the bony labyrinth:
A
- Cochlea
- Semi-circular canals
- Vestibule – central part
separated from the middle
ear by the oval window - Ampulla
10
Q
Label the bony labyrinth - see canvas pp diagram:
A
11
Q
Label the membraneous labyrinth - see canvas pp diagram:
A
12
Q
What is the membraneous labyrinth?
A
Lies within the bony labyrinth, composed of the following:
* Cochlear duct – located within cochlea
* Three semi-circular ducts
* Saccule & utricle (contained within the vestibule)
13
Q
List the components of the membraneous labyrinth:
A
- Cochlear duct – located within cochlea
- Three semi-circular ducts
- Saccule & utricle (contained within the vestibule)
14
Q
Where is the cochlear duct located?
A
within cochlea
15
Q
Where are the saccule and utricle located?
A
(contained within the vestibule
16
Q
Whee is the bony labyrinth located?
A
- Bony labyrinth surrounds membranous
labyrinth
17
Q
List the fluid filled chambers:
A
- Endolymph
- Perilymph
18
Q
Where is the endolymph located?
A
- Endolymph is contained within
membranous labyrinth
19
Q
Where is the perilymph located?
A
- Perilymph flows between the bony and
membranous labyrinth
20
Q
Label the labyrinth within the skull - see canvas pp diagram:
A
21
Q
What is the function of the vestibular system?
A
- Provides equilibrium sensations by monitoring
– Position of head in space
– Rotation
– Gravity
– Acceleratio
22
Q
List the vestibular system structures:
A
- Vestibular system structures:
– Semicircular canals (and ampullae)
– Utricle
– Saccule
23
Q
Label the semicircular canals - see canvas pp diagram:
A
24
Q
Label the inner ear as the head is in still position AND when head is rotating - see canvas pp diagram:
A
25
What happens to the inner ear as the head rotates?
As the head rotates, cupola bends in opposite direction of the rotation
26
What bone covers the inner ear?
Temporal bone
27
How are the semicircular canals named?
based on location - posterior, anterior, lateral. Within the bone, their orientation never changes
28
How are the ampulla and semicircular canals related?
there is one ampulla per semicircular canal
29
What is the oval window?
connection point with the status + central point of inner ear. Directly connected to cochlea => where sound is processed
30
Label the ampulla and cupula - see canvas pp diagrams:
31
Label the semiciular ducts - see canvas pp diagram:
32
33
How do the ampullae work?
Receptors in the semicircular canals
(ampullae) are stimulated by rotation
of the head
34
What are the ampullae?
Receptors in the semicircular canals
35
When the head rotates horizontally, what semicircular canal is stimulated?
lateral semicircular canal
36
When the head is nodding, what semicircular canal is stimulated?
anterior semicircular canal
37
When the head is tilting side-to-side, what semicircular canal is stimulated?
posterior semicircular
canal
38
Where is the endolymph?
At periphery of system
39
Where is the perilymph?
Inside the system
40
Label the utricle and saccule - see canvas pp diagrams:
41
What are the utricle and saccule?
Organs of balance, membranous sacs located in the vestibule
42
What is the utricle?
Utricle - larger of the two, detect movement or acceleration of the head
in the vertical plane
43
What is the saccule?
* Saccule – detect acceleration of the head in the horizontal plane
44
Label te otolith organs - see canvas pp diagram:
45
What are otoliths?
ear stones
46
Label the otoliths - see canvas pp diagram:
47
What is the function of receptors in the utricle and saccule?
Receptors in the utricle and saccule provide
sensations of gravity
48
Label receptors in the utricle and saccule when head is upright AND when head is tilted forward - see canvas pp diagram:
49
What is the venation of receptors in the utricle and saccule?
Receptors in the utricle and saccule provide
sensations of acceleration
50
Label receptors in the utricle and saccule (force & acceleration)- see canvas pp diagram:
51
Label the vestibular nerve - see canvas pp diagram:
52
Label the cochlea - see canvas pp diagram:
53
Label the cochlear section - see canvas pp diagram:
54
Label the organ of corti - see canvas pp diagrams:
55
Label the cochlear duct - see canvas pp diagram:
56
Label a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of mouse outer hair stereocilia which pseudo coloured to highlight rows of cilia - see canvas pp diagram:
57
What does the tip link do?
connects neighbouring cilia
58
Describe the transmission of sound:
* Sound waves hit tympanic membrane
* Vibrations are transmitted through the ossicles
* Movement of stapes in oval window vibrates perilymph
in scala vestibuli
* Waves distort the basilar membrane on their way to the
round window of scala tympani
* Vibration of basilar membrane causes vibrations of hair
cells against tectorial membrane
* Sensory information is relayed to brain via cochlear
nerve
59
During the transmission of sound, where do sound waves hit?
tympanic membrane
60
During the transmission of sound, how are vibrations transmitted?
transmitted through the ossicles
61
During the transmission of sound, what does the movement of stapes in oval window do?
vibrates perilymph
in scala vestibuli
62
During the transmission of sound, what do waves do?
distort the basilar membrane on their way to the
round window of scala tympani
63
During the transmission of sound, what do vibrations of basilar membranes do?
causes vibrations of hair
cells against tectorial membrane
64
During the transmission of sound, what happens to sensory info?
Sensory information is relayed to brain via cochlear
nerve
65
Label the transmission of sound - see canvas pp diagrams:
66
List the steps in the transmission of sound:
1. sound wave represent alternating areas of high and low pressure (frequency of sound waves in measured in Hz - cycles per second)
2. tympanic membrane vibrates in response to sound wave
3. vibrations are amplified across ossicles
4. vibrations against oval window set up standing wave in fluid of vestibuli
5. pressure bends the membrane of the cochlea duct at a point of maximum vibration for a given frequency, causing hair cells in the basilar membrane to vibrate
67
Label the cochlear nerve - see canvas pp diagrams:
68
What is vertigo?
Innapropriate sense of motion
Disturbance of endolymph or hair
cells in vestibular system
69
What are the causes of vertigo?
Viral infection
Head Injury
Epilepsy
Migraine
Alcohol
70
What are the symptoms of vertigo?
Feeling of spinning
Imbalance
Nausea
71
What are the apsects of Meniere's disease?
-backed up fluid in the sac and inner ear leads to swelling and pressure
-swelling in the balance canals distorts balance info
-swelling in the hearing canal distorts or blocks sound info
-distorted info travels from the inner ear to the brain
72
What is the result of backed-up fluid in Meniere's disease?
-backed up fluid in the sac and inner ear leads to swelling and pressure
73
What is the result of swelling in the balance canals in Meniere's disease?
distorts balance info
74
What is the result of swelling in the hearing canal in Meniere's disease?
-swelling in the hearing canal distorts or blocks sound info
75
What are the symptoms of Meniere's disease?
Deafness
Buzzing in the ears
Vertigo
76
What is motion sickness caused by ?
Conflicting information from the visual
and vestibular systems
regarding motion perceived
→by the visual system without
the vestibular stimuli
→vestibular stimuli without visual confirmation
77
What % of people experience mild motions sickness?
- 33% of people experience a mild problem with
motion sickness
78
What % of people experience motion sickness under extreme conditions?
- 66% experience motion sickness under extreme
conditions (eg rollercoaster)
79
What happens during motion sickness?
The brain stimulates emesis (vomiting) and the associated
symptoms. Can happen during virtual reality - vestibular system does not match visual system info - see that you are moving, but you are not - causes feeling sick.
80
is Ménière's disease common + is there a cure?
No - it is a fare disease. too much liquid/fluid not circulating properly within the ear => accumulation of fluid -> swelling, distortion.
-there are some treatments, not cure. It is for life.
Anatomy
flashcards
Decks in class (20)
# Cards
-
Anatomical Terminology146
-
Bone61
-
Cartilage38
-
Spinal Cord80
-
Joints72
-
Respiratory Muscles & Breathing131
-
Respiratory & Abdominal Viscera163
-
The Trunk: Vertebral Column64
-
Nervous System191
-
Pharynx & Larynx188
-
Skull: Facial Bones81
-
Nasal Cavity:33
-
Skull - Cranial Bones:63
-
Muscles of Facial Expression40
-
Muscles of Mastication50
-
Oral Cavity & Tongue:72
-
Outer and Middle Ear:62
-
Dentition55
-
Inner Ear80
-
Eye14
