cdh

Question 1

1) In the myocardium of patients with heart failure
1. ATP level decreases
2. phosphocreatine level decreases
3. the percentage of fatty acid oxidation decreases
4. the percentage of glucose oxidation decreases

Answer 1

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Question 2

2) It is true about the loss of myocardial cells in heart failure
1. it may be caused by apoptosis
2. its speed is 10-100 times higher than in healthy subjects
3. it may be caused by autolysis
4. Its speed is faster only if the heart failure is caused by ischemic heart disease

Answer 2

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Question 3

3) It has beneficial effect in heart failure
1. aldosterone antagonist
2. If inhibitor
3. sildenafil (Viagra)
4. selective COX-2 inhibitor

Answer 3

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Question 4

4) Immediate compensation mechanism in heart failure
1. Frank–Starling mechanism
2. sympathetic stimulation
3. salt and water retention
4. myocardial hypertrophy

Answer 4

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Question 5

5) Symptoms of left sided heart failure
1. pulmonary congestion
2. dyspnea
3. nycturia
4. hepatomegaly

Answer 5

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Question 6

6) Drugs used in the treatment of chronic heart failure
1. diuretic therapy – to decrease fluid retention
2. certain vasodilators
3. increase contractility – digitalis
4. vasoconstrictors

Answer 6

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Question 7

7) Result of forward failure in left sided heart failure
1. fatigue, weakness
2. pulmonary congestion, dyspnea
3. orthopnea
4. hepatomegaly

Answer 7

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Question 8

8) Characteristic symptoms of right-sided heart failure
1. hepatomegaly
2. edema
3. distended neck veins
4. dyspnea

Answer 8

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Question 9

9) Chronic heart failure may be caused by
1. hypertension
2. valvular heart disease
3. coronary heart disease (CHD)
4. hyperkalemia

Answer 9

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Question 10

10) Which drugs prolong the survival in heart failure
1. ACE inhibitors
2. angiotensin receptor blockers
3. beta-blockers
4. vasodilators

Answer 10

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Question 11

11) Which of the following physical findings may suggest heart failure?
1. edema
2. hepatomegaly
3. distended neck veins
4. crepitation at the base of the lungs

Answer 11

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Question 12

12) Which symptoms in patient history may suggest heart failure?
1. dyspnea
2. nycturia
3. orthopnea
4. burning pain at the apex of the heart

Answer 12

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Question 13

13) May be a symptom of left heart failure
1. pulmonary edema
2. nycturia
3. weakness
4. peripheral edema

Answer 13

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Question 14

14) May be a symptom of left heart failure
1. hydrothorax
2. abdominal discomfort
3. increased blood content of the jugular/cervical veins
4. pulmonary edema

Answer 14

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Question 15

15) May be an underlying cause of heart failure
1. Hypertension
2. cardiomyopathy
3. valvular heart disease
4. renal failure

Answer 15

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Question 16

16) Precipitating factors in heart failure
1. fever
2. hyperthyroidism
3. increased salt intake
4. increased fat intake

Answer 16

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Question 17

17) Precipitating factors in heart failure
1. drug effect
2. myocarditis
3. arrhythmia
4. myocardial ischemia

Answer 17

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Question 18

18) Part of the hemodynamic defense reaction
1. vasodilation
2. cardiac stimulation
3. myocardial hypertrophy
4. salt and water retention

Answer 18

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Question 19

19) The ejection fraction in a healthy subject is
1. 35–55%
2. 55–75%
3. 75–95%
4. 95–100%

Answer 19

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Question 20

20) Possible causative factor of heart failure:
1. hypertension
2. alcoholism
3. pulmonary embolism
4. myocarditis

Answer 20

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Question 21

21) These drugs are used in the treatment of heart failure. Choose the matching drug-effect pairs!
1. ACE inhibitors – inhibit the RAAS
2. beta-blockers – decrease the sympathetic activity
3. digitalis drugs – have positive inotropic effect
4. diuretics – decrease the afterload

Answer 21

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Question 22

22) Compensatory mechanisms in heart failure
1. increased salt and water retention
2. anemia
3. hypertrophy of the left ventricle
4. peripheral vasodilation

Answer 22

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Question 23

23) The cardiac output in a healthy adult
1. 2,5 l/min
2. 3 l/min
3. 4 l/min
4. 5 l/min

Answer 23

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Question 24

24) Cardiac output may be increased by
1. Increasing EF (ejection fraction)
2. the Frank-Starling mechanism
3. shortening the diastole duration
4. increasing cortisol secretion

Answer 24

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Question 25

25) Possible consequence of increased atrial frequency 1. appearance of non-conducted beats 2. deterioration of coronary blood filling 3. palpitation 4. P-pulmonale

Answer 25

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Question 26

26) Ways to ncrease preload in a healthy subject 1. increasing the end diastolic volume 2. decreasing stroke volume 3. increasing the end diastolic pressure 4. increasing the duration of diastole

Answer 26

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Question 27

27) Preload is determined by 1. distension capability (lusitropy) of the ventricle 2. ventricular function 3. CVP (central venous pressure) 4. circulatory volume

Answer 27

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Question 28

28) The normal value for the CVP (central venous pressure) 1. 4 mmHg 2. 7 mmHg 3. 15 mmHg 4. 11 mmHg 5. 20 mmHg

Answer 28

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Question 29

29) Response(s) in heart failure 1. water retention 2. appearance of fetal myosin-forms 3. remodeling of the myocardium 4. increases in parasympathetic tone

Answer 29

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Question 30

30) May lead to decompensation of heart failure 1. arrhythmia 2. infection 3. myocardial ischaemia 4. severe anaemia

Answer 30

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Question 31

31) Heart failure may be caused by 1. orthostatic hypotension 103 Pathophysiology 1 MCQs - Team effort 2. alcoholism 3. increased salt intake 4. valvular heart disease

Answer 31

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Question 32

32) May lead to decompensation of heart failure 1. infection 2. acut salt load as a consequence of nourishment 3. atrial fibrillation 4. pulmonary embolism

Answer 32

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