cell signalling

Question 1

• the fundamental cornerstone of this course
• can be applied as a framework to understand how cells function OR to predict how social systems operate
• synonym for communication

Answer 1

signalling

Question 2

problems with cellular signalling is critical to the development of many ____

Answer 2

diseases

Question 3

this step can occur in advance or on demand

Answer 3

production

Question 4

these aspects of messenger molecules are determined by the relative locations of signalling and target molecules

Answer 4

• distance
• stability

Question 5

• cell sends signal to itself
• like slapping yourself on the back

Answer 5

autocrine

Question 6

• cells in the same neighbourhood
• cell sends signal to nearby cells (those nearby cells can be same kind of cell)

Answer 6

paracrine

Question 7

long distance signalling may be ____ signals along neurons or ____ signals through circulatory system

Answer 7

• electrical
• chemical

Question 8

• secreted by endocrine glands/cells into blood
• only target specific cells that have corresponding receptor

Answer 8

hormones

Question 9

• type of chemical
• secreted by neurons
• diffuse across small gap to get to target cell (synaptic ends)

Answer 9

neurotransmitters

Question 10

• type of chemical
• released by neurons into blood
• act at distant targets

Answer 10

neurohormones

Question 11

• these TWO systems are examples of long-distance signalling
• can sometimes overlap

Answer 11

• endocrine
• nervous

Question 12

• ____ communication
• can involve a combination of signalling types
• target cell can be distant or nearby
• signals can be chemical and electrical

Answer 12

neuronal

Question 13

• _____ signalling
• occurs at a specialized area on neurons
• allows for rapid, local release of signal molecules to communicate with adjacent neurons
• form of paracrine signalling

Answer 13

synaptic

Question 14

• converts one form of a signal into a different form
• synonym for radio antennas (which convert radio waves into sound waves)

Answer 14

transducer
- process is called signal transduction

Question 15

• this scientist looked at cells having receivers, transducers, and amplifiers

Answer 15

martin rodbell

Question 16

• this word describes something that is located in the cytosol

Answer 16

cytosolic

Question 17

• this word describes something (like a receptor) that exists outside of the cell

Answer 17

extracellular

Question 18

• this word describes something (like a receptor) that exists inside of the cell

Answer 18

intracellular

Question 19

• when a single signalling event becomes a larger number of molecules that eventually comprise the cellular response

Answer 19

amplification

Question 20

• molecule/ion/atom that binds to another
• forms a complex
• general word for signal molecule

Answer 20

ligand

Question 21

• receiving structure
• signalling molecule binds to this

Answer 21

receptor

Question 22

• 40% of signalling molecules work on these
• gold mine to the pharmaceutical companies
• most drugs work on these

Answer 22

G-protein coupled receptors/GPCRs

Question 23

• used to describe something (like a receptor) that is embedded in the cellular surface

Answer 23

transmembrane

Question 24

• derived from multiple responses
• allows us to infer how stimuli and responses are related

Answer 24

dose-response curve

Question 25

this is where all building blocks of cellular communication processes exist

Answer 25

cell