cell bio > histamines > Flashcards

histamines Flashcards

(41 cards)

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1
Q
  • a simple molecule
  • money spinner
  • many medicines in the drugstore antagonists to this molecule
  • significant in physiology and pathophysiology
  • paracrine mediator
A

histamine

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2
Q

this scientist began looking at histamine as an important molecule in the body

A

sir henry hallett dale

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3
Q
  • another word for histamine
  • used by sir henry hallett dale when discussing that there are similar symptoms when an animal is injected with a sensitised normally inert protein
A

beta-iminazolyl ethylamine

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4
Q
  • type of amino acid
  • produces histamine
  • has an amino and carboxyl group (attached to same carbon atom)
A

L-histidine/histidine

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5
Q

enzymes that remove carboxyl groups

A

decarboxylase

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6
Q
  • term coined by Paul Ehrlich
  • comes from german for “swollen or fat”
  • ubiquitous: come in diff. forms and present in a number of tissues
  • in connective or mucosal tissue)
  • paracrine
A

mast cells

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7
Q
  • float around
  • part of the formed elements of blood
  • contains histamine
A

basophils

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8
Q
  • paracrine mediator
  • releases histamine
  • important for stimulating gastric secretion
A

enterochromaffin-like cells/ECL cells

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9
Q
  • provided the earliest description of mast cells
  • proposed notion of receptive substances
  • discovered chemotherapeutic drug Salvarsan
  • the founding father of immunology/chemotherapy
A

paul ehrlich

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10
Q

enzyme that removes carboxyl group from histidine

A

histidine decarboxylase/HDC

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11
Q

class of hydrophilic molecules

A

amine

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12
Q
  • store a variety of mediators
  • uses proton-motive force
  • takes in amine from the cytoplasm
A

granule

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13
Q

pumps protons into granule

A

ATPase

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14
Q
  • antiport in granules
  • used to transport histamine into granule
  • transports protons out
A

vesicular monoamine transporter 2/VMAT2

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15
Q

word for things that cause degranulation

A

stimuli

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16
Q
  • type of stimuli
  • clinically most important
  • basis of allergy
A

antigen

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17
Q

breakdown of granule

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A

degranulation

18
Q

this mediator’s release from the granule is delayed

19
Q
  • first step of degranulation
  • done upon activation
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A

translocation

20
Q

second step of degranulation

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A

docking/priming

21
Q

third step of degranulation

22
Q
  • protein important in degranulation
  • exists on cellular/synaptosomal membrane
23
Q
  • protein important in degranulation
  • exists on vesicular membrane
24
Q

changes in this element often starts degranulation

25
process in which a cell converts an external signal to a specific internal signal
transduction
26
this enzyme metabolizes histamine to N-methylhistamine
histamine N-methyltransferase HNMT
27
H3 autoreceptors decrease the release of histamine by reducing this:
cAMP
28
- enzymatic degradation - in intestines, kidney, placenta - works on extracellular histamine (outside cell)
diamine oxidase DAO
29
- enzymatic degradation - in kidney, liver, colon, pancreas, bronchi, central nervous system - works on intracellular histamine (inside cell)
histamine methyltransferase HMT/HNMT
30
- this enzyme's activity increases progressively from the duodenum to the ileum - mainly in intestinal villi
diamine oxidase DAO
31
major termination method for histamine
enzymatic degradation
32
final product when histamine is broken down with histamine-N-methyltransferase
N-methylhistamine
33
final product when histamine is broken down with diamine oxidase
imadazoleacetic acid
34
most frequent effect/symptom amongst patients when 75mg of histamine is taken orally
diarrhea
35
molecules that provoke an allergic reaction
antigens
36
you have this for histamine when there's an imbalance btwn histamine and DAO
histamine intolerance
37
number one culprit of histamine-containing foods
scombroid fish
38
histamine was called this when people thought it was a mysterious substance formed by fish
scombrotoxin
39
modern word of scombrotoxin
histamine
40
- this widening of blood vessels helps flush out toxins from the body - a response to histamines
vasodilation
41
- H3 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist - treats cataplexy in adults w/ narcolepsy
pitolisant
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