Cell Structure/Functions

Question 0

Cytosol

Answer 0

P&E

• jelly-like material between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane
• contains materials needed for cell functions

Question 1

Cell membrane

Answer 1

P&E

• includes entire cell
• decides what goes into and out of the cell

Question 2

Golgi Apparatus

Answer 2

E

• stacks of flattened membrane sacks
• process, package and store cell products
• works closely with endoplasmic reticulum

Question 3

vacuoles

Answer 3

E&P

• membrane “bubbles” that store good, water, and wastes
• large in plant cells

Question 4

Lysosomes

Answer 4

E

• small vacuole-like structures
• contain powerful digestive enzymes
• break down food particles or worn-out cell parts
• rare in plants

Question 5

cell wall

Answer 5

E&P

• NEVER found in animal cells
• thick rigid wall that lies outside to the cell membrane
• provides support for the cell and entire organism in plants
• made of cellulose in plants
• in fungi it’s made of chitin

Question 6

chloroplasts

Answer 6

E

• found in plants and algae
• surrounded by two membranes
• contains chlorophyll (makes plants green)
• contains DNA and can replicate themselves

Question 7

centrioles

Answer 7

E

• found only in animal cells
• cylindrical structures made of microtubules
• function only in cell division

Question 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 8

E

• system of tunnels throughout the cell
• serves as a transport network
• some sections are covered in ribosomes, giving it a rough appearance
• this is rough endoplasmic reticulum
• smooth endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes on its surface

Question 9

mitochondria

Answer 9

E

• surrounded by two membranes with the inner one highly folded
• produces energy for the cell and the entire organism
• has it’s own DNA and can replicate themselves
• used to be an independent bacteria
• we’re engulfed by larger cells and the organisms formed a cooperative relationship

Question 10

nucleus 1

Answer 10

E

• usually the largest organelle if present
• usually round and central
• surrounded by nuclear membrane which controls what goes into and out of the nucleus

Question 11

nucleus 2

Answer 11

E

• contains the cell’s DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which is the genetic material of life
• DNA exists as a thread like mass called chromatin which becomes chromosomes during cell division
• DNA has all the instructions for making a cell work
• if you remove the nucleus from a cell it the cell will die

Question 12

nucleus 3

Answer 12

E

• inside the nucleus will he one or more nucleoli (plural of nucleolus)
• nucleoli produce ribosomes which assemble proteins
• ribosomes are also found in P