Respiratory System

Question 0

surfactant

Answer 0

• alveoli are lined with surfactant
• film of lipoprotein
• lowers surface tensions
• prevents alveoli from closing

Question 1

epiglottis

Answer 1

• flap of cartilage that lies behind the tongue in front of the larynx
• closes over the opening of the trachea
• prevents food or liquid from entering the trachea

Question 2

internal respiration

Answer 2

• exchange of O2 and CO2 between the body’s tissue cells and the blood
• oxygen diffuses from blood into the O2-poor tissues while CO2 diffuses from tissues into blood

Question 3

facilitated diffusion

Answer 3

-movement of O2 molecules from an area of [HIGH]
to an area of [LOW] through special transport proteins in the cell walls of the alveoli
-occurs at a faster rate than normal diffusion but doesn’t require more energy (passive transport)
-30% of all O2 molecules are transported this way

Question 4

hemoglobin

Answer 4

-an iron containing protein

Question 5

tidal volume

Answer 5

-volume of air that is inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath when the body is at rest

Question 6

expired air

Answer 6

• high concentration of CO2

- low concentration of O2

Question 7

Adam’s apple

Answer 7

-thyroid cartilage forms it and noticeable in males

Question 8

voice changes - vocal cords

Answer 8

• larynx consists of several cartilages held together by ligaments and muscles
• specific cartilages change tension on the vocal cords

Question 9

residual air volume

Answer 9

• amount of gas that remains in the lungs and passageways of the respiratory system even after full exhalation
• gas never leaves respiratory system because if it did, respiratory passageways and lungs would collapse

Question 10

tracheostomy

Answer 10

• incision into the trachea

- no air would be able to go to vocal chords -vibration

Question 11

pneumothorax

Answer 11

• collapsed lung
• air leaks from lungs and goes into the space (pleural cavity)
• air builds up causing pressure and lung to collapse

Question 12

what happens in inhalation

Answer 12

• intercostal muscles contract, lifting the ro cage UP and OUT
• diaphragm contracts and pulls downward
• as lungs expand pressure in lungs decreases and air comes in

Question 13

what happens in exhalation

Answer 13

• intercostal muscles relax allowing rib cage to move DOWN and IN
• the diaphragm moves upward resuming its domed shape
• as lungs contract pressure in lungs increases and air is pushed out

Question 14

what happens when levels of CO2 and H+ ions RISES in the blood

Answer 14

respiratory center INCREASES RATE AND DEPTH OF BREATHING

Question 15

what are chemoreceptors

Answer 15

• located in the carotid arteries and aorta

- sensitive to the level of O2 in the blood

Question 16

what happens when O2 DECREASES

Answer 16

• send impulses to respiratory center

- center INCREASES RATE AND DEPTH OF BREATHING

Question 17

pulmonary venule and arteriole

Answer 17

• venule O2

- arteriole CO2

Question 18

respiratory surface characteristics

Answer 18

• large surface area means lots of O2 can be taken in

- alveolar wall is one cell thick easier transport

Question 19

effects of smoking

Answer 19

• when inhaling tobacco smoke respiratory system tries to protect itself by producing mucus and stimulating coughing
• cilia that line the trachea and bronchi beat outward to sweep harmful substances out of lungs
• chemicals in smoke paralyze the sweeping motion of cilia
• toxins remain in lungs/mucus/airways
• when sleeping cilia recovers and functions again
• when waking up you cough because lungs are trying to get rid of toxins from smoking

Question 20

external respiration

Answer 20

• exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood
• when blood moves away from body it becomes O2 poor and CO2 rich
• as it moves through lung capillaries O2 from air in the alveoli diffuses into the capillaries and CO2 diffuses out of blood