Nervous System 2

Question 1

dendrite

Answer 1

• treelike extensions of the cell body

- receives incoming messages or impulses and directs it towards the cell body

Question 2

saltatory conduction

Answer 2

• occurs in myelinated axons/dendrites
• impulse jumps from node of ranvier to node of ranvier
• transmission of impulse is 50x faster than non myelinated
• uses less energy as only part of the cell membrane is depolarized

Question 3

brain parts

Answer 3

• cerebrum
• cerebellum
• medulla oblongata
• pons
• thalamus
• hypothalamus
• pineal gland

Question 4

medulla oblongata

Answer 4

• white matter is on the outside and grey matter is in the inside
• connects spinal cord to brain
• controls heartbeat rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, swallowing, coughing

Question 5

sulci

Answer 5

-valley of the cerebrum

Question 6

sensory/motor neuron

Answer 6

sensory
-conduct only sensory impulses from the receptors to the cns

motor
-conduct only motor impulses from the cns to the effectors (muscles/glands)

Question 7

temporal lobes

Answer 7

-auditory reception

Question 8

action potential characteristics

Answer 8

+35mV

Question 9

types of neurotransmitters

Answer 9

excitatory
-initiate impulses in adjacent neurons (ACH, histamine, glutamic acid)

inhibitory
-prevent impulses from being conveyed in adjacent neurons (serotonin, epinephrine, glycine)

Question 10

neurotransmitters

Answer 10

• chemical messengers that carry the neural sign from one neuron to another
• can carry the neural signal from a neuron to an effector

Question 11

thalamus

Answer 11

• great relay station of the brain

- relays sensory intro from the senses (minus smell) to specific locations in the cerebral cortex

Question 12

intergration

Answer 12

-makes a decision to send a message or not

Question 13

glial cell

Answer 13

• surround neurons and hold them in place
• supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons
• insulate one neuron from another
• destroy pathogens and remove dead neurons.

Question 14

cranial nerves

Answer 14

• optic nerve
• oculomotor
• trochlear

Question 15

dorsal/ventral root

Answer 15

dorsal
-contains ganglion

ventral
-don’t have ganglion

Question 16

spinal cord functions

Answer 16

• conduct nerve impulses to and from the brain

- intimate reflex action without input from the brain

Question 17

spinal nerve

Answer 17

• 31 pairs

- formed from the unison of a dorsal and ventral nerve root