Prokaryotes

Question 1

commensalism

Answer 1

The bacteria benefits without affecting the host

ex) bacteria helping certain type of fungi metabolize carbohydrates

Question 2

parasitism

Answer 2

bacteria benefits, hertz host

ex) many bacterial infections in kingdom animalia and plantae

Question 3

photoautotrophs

Answer 3

• use organic energy to recuse carbon dioxide to organic compounds
• photosynthetic

Question 4

chemoautotrophs

Answer 4

• oxidize inorganic compounds to obtain energy
• use it to reduce carbon dioxide to an organic compound
• chemosynthetic

Question 5

binary fission

Answer 5

bacterial cell replicates it’s genome and divides in half (2 identical daughter cells)

Question 6

conjugation

Answer 6

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Question 7

transformation

Answer 7

bacterium takes up DNA from environment released by dead bacteria

Question 8

transduction

Answer 8

viruses (bacteriophage) carry bacterial DNA. these viruses serve as vectors

Question 9

General prokaryotic structure

Answer 9

• lack membrane bound nucleus
• outer cell wall containing peptidoglycan
• some prokaryotes have a capsule/gelatinous sheath called a “slime layer”
• move with flagella
• may have accessory ring of DNA (plasmid)

Question 10

oxygen requirements

Answer 10

• obligate aerobes: unable to grow in the absence of free O2
• obligate anaerobes: unable to grow in the presence of free O2
• facultative anaerobes: able to grow in the presence/absence of free O2

Question 11

nitrifying bacteria

Answer 11

• heterotrophs

- convert nitrite to nitrate

Question 12

chemosynthetic

Answer 12

-biological conversion of one or more carbon molecules and nutrients into organic matter using the oxidation of inorganic molecules such as hydrogen sulfide or methane as a source of energy

Question 13

endosymbiotic hypothesis

Answer 13

• mitochondria evolved from aerobic bacteria

- chloroplast evolved from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria

Question 14

mutualistic

Answer 14

• some bacteria establish a nitrogen fixing symbiosis on legume roots and on the stems of some aquatic plants.
• the bacteria help the plant harness nitrogen from the nitrogen cycle for the production of proteins and novelist acids.
• the bacteria benefit from obtaining carbon compounds for energy