Cells

Question 1

Lisosomes

Answer 1

• digest damaged cell structures, food, and bacteria

Question 3

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 3

• helps process molecules made by the cell and transports them to their destinations
  
  • rough ER
    
    • covered in ribosomes
    • makes new protein molecules
  • smooth ER
    
    • no ribosomes
    • makes lipids

Question 4

Aerobic catabolism

Answer 4

• 1 molecule of glucose can produce 34 molecules of ATP

Question 5

mitochondrion

Answer 5

• “powerhouse” of cell
  
  • makes ATP
• the number of mitochondria in a cell will depend on how much energy that cell requires

Question 6

Anaerobic catabolism

Answer 6

• 1 molecule of glucose can produce 2 molecules of ATP
  
  • releases H⁺ and decreases pH

Question 7

Golgi apparatus

Answer 7

• transport vesicle come off the endoplasmic reticulum and fuse with the golgi apparatus
• transported substances are then processed in the golgi to form lysosomes and other cytoplasmic components

Question 8

3 Phases of catabolism

Answer 8

1. extracellular digestion of large macromolecules to simple subunits
2. Intracellular breakdown of subunits to acetyl CoA accompanied by production of limited ATP and NADH
3. Production of NADH yielding ATP via electron transport; waste products (H₂O, CO₂, NH₃, and urea) are excreted

Question 9

Endocytosis

Answer 9

• How large particles enter the cell
  
  • pinocytosis and phagocytosis

Question 10

cyst-

Answer 10

receiving end

Question 11

tight junction

Answer 11

zonula occludens

water tight but not strong

ziploc bag

Question 12

belt desmasomes

Answer 12

zonnula adherens

strong but not water tight

Question 13

spot desmasomes

Answer 13

macula adherens

cardiac cells

strong but small

Question 14

microfilaments

Answer 14

help the cell to move

*help form cytoskeleton

Question 15

microtubules

Answer 15

the routes upon which the organelles move about the cytoplasm

*part of cytoskeleton