cerebellum 4

Question 1

What are the implications of understanding central pattern generators for the future treatment of spinal cord injury?

Answer 1

1. The presence of CPGs in the human spinal cord, with the coordination between the CPGs also localized in the spinal cord, means that the neural substrate for walking remains intact after spinal cord injury.
2. The appropriate stimulation of these centers could result in appropriate walking movements of the legs.

Question 2

The somatotopic organization of the primary motor cortex is arranged such that

Answer 2

the feet are most medial and head most lateral and ventral.

Question 3

Lateral/Ventral premotor cortex: is involved in

Answer 3

motor planning

Question 4

Lateral/Ventral premotor cortex: concerned specifically with

Answer 4

movements triggered by external sensory events

Question 5

Lateral/Ventral premotor cortex: is important for

Answer 5

1. tasks such as making hand for shape of an object you want to grasp
2. plans actions to be executed with delay

Question 6

Supplementary motor cortex area is involved in

Answer 6

1. motor planning

2. mentally rehearsing a pattern of movements

Question 7

Supplementary motor cortex area is concerned specifically with

Answer 7

movements that are initially internally

Question 8

the cortical somatosensory and motor representation of the body is

Answer 8

dynamic

Question 9

phantom limb pain is an example of

Answer 9

denervation and why cortical somatosensory is dynamic

Question 10

phantom limb pain is due to

Answer 10

large reorganization of somatosensory cortex

1. create map on face that correstonds to phantom limb lost
2. modality sensitive, touch cheek–touch phatom limb

Question 11

3 types of interneurons in cerebellum

Answer 11

1. basket
2. stellate
3. golgi

Question 12

3 general effects of cerebellar lesions

Answer 12

1. Synergy
2. Equilibrium
3. Tone

Question 13

What is another name for the neocerebellum

Answer 13

lateral hemisphere

Question 14

What problems are associated with Synergy?

Answer 14

Problems with Synergy - Ataxia include the 3 D’s:

1. Dysmetria (try to point at something and point at wrong thing)
2. Decomposition of movement
3. Dysdiadochokinesia (rapidly alternating movements)

Question 15

Is the output of the basal ganglia inhibitory or excitatory?

Answer 15

Inhibitory:

1. GPI → (GABA -)
2. Thalamus → (Glu +) Cortex.

Question 16

What is the minimum number of synapses from a cerebellar Purkinje cell (output cell of the cerebellar cortex) to the cerebral cortex?

Answer 16

1. Purkinje synapses on Dentate.
2. That neuron synapses on VA/VL.
3. That neuron synapses on cortex.

Question 17

What is the source of climbing fibers reaching the cerebellum?

Answer 17

inferior olive