ear stuff 2

Question 1

Congenital Aural atresia is

Answer 1

1. spectrum of disorders present from birth

2. malformations of external auditory canal, TM, middle ear space or ossicles

Question 2

congenital aural atresia treatment

Answer 2

surgery

Question 3

meniere’s disease signs

Answer 3

1. vertigo lasting more than 20 minutes
2. hearing loss
3. tinnitus
4. aural fullness
5. chronic disease
6. fluctuating hearing loss

Question 4

Meniere’s disease is

Answer 4

1. swelling of endolymphatic space from a problem of stria vascularis
2. loss of endocochlear potential due to poor ion conduction

Question 5

Meniere’s disease treatment

Answer 5

1. diuretic for swelling
2. Mg for vertigo
3. surgery if non-responsive
4. injection of gentamicin into canals

Question 6

8th nerve tumor is a

Answer 6

vestibular schwannoma

Question 7

vestibular schwannoma early signs

Answer 7

1. hearing loss
2. tinnitus (unilateral)
3. mild/fleeting vertigo

Question 8

vestibular schwannoma late signs

Answer 8

1. facial numbness
2. ataxia
3. headache
4. visual loss
5. long tract signs
   4 death by herniation

Question 9

vestibular schwannoma two forms

Answer 9

1. NF2

2. sporadic form

Question 10

NF2

Answer 10

1. NF2 is a tumor suppressor gene that codes for merlin

2. merlin involved in cell-cell or cell-matric interaction

Question 11

Sporadic vestibular schwannoma is

Answer 11

possible double hit mutation to merlin

Question 12

vestibular schwannoma treatment

Answer 12

1. watchful waiting to see if tumor grows
2. surgical resection
3. radiosurgery or radiotherapy

Question 13

sensory hearing loss us usually due to

Answer 13

loss of hair cells or impaired inner ear homeostasis

Question 14

hair cell loss is commonly due to

Answer 14

1. prebycusis
2. noise trauma
3. ototoxicity
4. genetics

Question 15

damage to outer or inner hair cells can result in

Answer 15

irregularity in the pattern or loss of architecture of individual hair cells .
Without hair cells, mechanical sound waves are unable to be transduced to electrical signals for the nervous system

Question 16

sensory loss can also be due to

Answer 16

improper inner ear homeostasis.

Like in endolymphatic hydrops

Question 17

etiology of endolymphatic hydrops

Answer 17

1. stria vascularis, the structure on the lateral edge of the scala media. Is responsible for maintaining homeostasis of inner ear
2. creates and maintains the endolymphatic potential

Question 18

etiology of meniere’s disease

Answer 18

1. potential not maintained properly
2. results in disruption of ion transport, changes in ph, and changes in osmotic pressure of scala media.
3. changes ultimately cause fluid to enter and swelling of endolymphatic space.