ear stuff

Question 1

VOR reflex allows for

Answer 1

eyes to maintain focus on a point of interest during head movement

Question 2

What is the fastest reflex in the body?

Answer 2

VOR

Question 3

how does VOR work?

Answer 3

1. inner ear senses head rotation in any direction
2. signal sent to MLF to abducens, trochlear, oculomotor nuclei
3. eyes move in precisely opposite direction of head movement
4. net effect: eyes remain steady in space

Question 4

VCR functions to

Answer 4

help maintain stability and upright stance of the head

Question 5

VCR works by

Answer 5

vestibular systems sense the direction of gravity and initiates motor reflexes in the muscle controlling the head and neck that serve to right the head

Question 6

VSR functions to

Answer 6

assist balance and provide a framework for coordinated motion of the limb during ambulation

Question 7

In response the gravity, the VSR provides

Answer 7

continuous muscular tone that acts as a priming framework for muscle action

Question 8

VSR: righting reflex

Answer 8

when the upright human is pushed to one side, the limbs on half the body tend to extend, whole those on the opposite side tend to flex

serves to rebalance the body

Question 9

acute otitis media (AOM) signs

Answer 9

1. pain
2. sensation of fullness in ear
3. inflammation of TM
4. middle ear effusion

Question 10

if AOM and erythema, edema and otorrhea

Answer 10

perforation

Question 11

AOM treatment

Answer 11

1. watchful waiting in low risk pt
2. systemic antibiotics–amoxicillin
3. tympanocentesis for culture or acute pain control
4. myringotomy/mastoid surgery in complicated cases

Question 12

fluid in the middle ear can take___ to drain

Answer 12

up to 3 months

Question 13

otitis media with effusion signs

Answer 13

1. recurrent episodes of AOM
2. pain, fullness, popping
3. irritability and sleep disturbances
4. imbalance, delayed gross motor development
5. delayed speech and language development (hearing loss)

Question 14

otitis media with effusion treatment

Answer 14

1. pressure equalizer tube insertion
2. adenoidectomy is associated nasal obstruction or sleep apnea
3. antibiotics, histamine and steroids DO NOT WORK

Question 15

tympanic membrane perforation

Answer 15

1. more common in adults
2. erupt, drain, can become infected
3. keratin ball with lives cells
4. grows and causes local damage

Question 16

TM perforation can lead to

Answer 16

cholesteatomas

Question 17

TM perforation treatment

Answer 17

surgical removal

Question 18

Otosclerosis epidem

Answer 18

white women 30-50

Question 19

What is Otosclerosis?

Answer 19

1. localized disorder of bone remodeling
2. stapes fixation
3. progressive
4. unilateral or bilateral

Question 20

Otosclerosis is associated with

Answer 20

sensorineural hearing loss

Question 21

Otosclerosis treatment

Answer 21

1. stapedectomy: freeing of stapedius foot plate

2. replace with prosthetic

Question 22

Causes of Otosclerosis

Answer 22

1. COL1A1 and aggrecan mutation

2. measles