CH 11

Question 1

7 general characteristics of Algae

• domain
• uni or multi
• cell wall
• pathogenicity
• nutrition
• motility
• type of pigment it contains

Answer 1

1. eukaryotic
2. unicellular, multicellular, colonial
3. thin and rigid cell wall
4. most are non-pathogenic
5. photosynthetic
6. contains photosynthetic pigments
7. motile by flagella and substratum

Question 2

Habitat of algae (3)

Answer 2

1. light and moisture
2. freshwater, saltwater, and soil
3. Littoral zone (shore areas)

Question 3

Composition of cell wall (8)

Answer 3

cellulose
mannan
galactans
alginic acid
chitin
xylan
CaCO3
flucoidin

Question 4

a unicellular algae widely used as a model for different algae functions

Answer 4

Chlamydomonas

Question 5

4 characteristics that makes CHLAMYDOMONAS a good algae model

Answer 5

photosynthesis
flagellar movement
phototaxis
cell-cell communication

Question 6

Most known organelle found in algae

Answer 6

plastids

Question 7

3 main characteristics of plastids

and which of the two are only present in SOME algae

Answer 7

2 & #3

1. PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS
2. Pyrenoids (CO2 fixation and starch formation)
3. Eyespot/Stigma (photoaxis)

Question 8

3 pigments found in algae

Answer 8

1. chlorophylls
2. carotenoids
3. phycobilins

Question 9

2 examples of carotenoids

Answer 9

carotenes and xanthophylls

Question 10

4 examples of phycobilins

Answer 10

1. Phycoerythrobilin (red)
2. Phycourobilin (orange)
3. Phycoviolobilin (purple)
4. Phycocyanobilin (blue)

Question 11

Other term for “Phycocyanobilin”

Answer 11

Phycobiliverdin

Question 12

2 types of asexual reproduction

Answer 12

Binary Fission and Fragmentation

Question 13

3 types of sexual reproduction

Answer 13

CONJUGATION

1. isogamy
2. heterogamy
3. oogamy

Question 14

TYPES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

different genotypes

Answer 14

isogamy

Question 15

TYPES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

different size

Answer 15

heterogamy

Question 16

TYPES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION

different motility

Answer 16

oogamy

Question 17

How many flagella do chlamydomonas have

Answer 17

2

Question 18

Is chlamydomonas haploid or diploid

Answer 18

haploid

Question 19

CHLAMYDOMONAS - Asexual Stage (3 phases)

Answer 19

1. Adult undergoes MITOSIS to produce zoospores
2. Zoospores are still enclosed in a sac called ZOOSPORANGIUM
3. The sac bursts to release the zoospores

Question 20

CHLAMYDOMONAS - Sexual Stage (5 phases)

Answer 20

1. Adult undergoes MITOSIS to produce zoospores in zoosporangium
2. Zoosporangium forms a ISOGAMY GAMETE PAIRING w/:
   + Gamete
   - Gamete
3. The two gametes fuses to form a ZYGOTE through FERTILIZATION
4. Zygote forms ZYGOSPORE
5. Zygospore undergoes MEIOSIS to form 4 haploid spores

Question 21

What type of reproduction specifically do spirogyra undergo?

Answer 21

conjugation

Question 22

2 examples of algae that are primary producers

Answer 22

phytoplankton
seaweed

Question 23

3 examples of food based on ALGAE

Answer 23

Caulerpa
Palmaria palmata
Porphyra

Question 24

Use of algae in microbiology setting

Answer 24

Agar

Question 25

What is Kingdom Archaeplastida

Answer 25

A supergroup of protists that includes land plants and green algae

Question 26

RED ALGAE - other term - 3 key genera - habitat (3) - pigments (5) - multicellular or unicellular - motility - cell wall composition (3) - mode of reproduction (2)

Answer 26

- Rhodophytes - Polysiphonia, Cyanidium, Galdiera - salt water, fresh water, and terrestrial - phycoerythrin, chlorophyll a, phycobiliproteins, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin - multicellular - non-motile - cellulose, pectin, carrageenan - asexual spores, sexual gametes

Question 27

Green Algae - other term - 2 key genera - habitat (4) - pigments (4) - multicellular or unicellular - storage product (1) - cell wall composition (2) - mode of reproduction (3) - motility

Answer 27

- Chlorophytes - Chlamydomonas and Volvox - fresh water, salt water, soil, tree barks (lichens) - cholorophyll a and b, carotenes, xantophylls - unicellular, filamentous, colonial, multicellular - starch-glucose polymer - cellulose and pectin - Asexual (fission, spores) & Sexual - non motile BUT reproductive structures are motile

Question 28

What type of GREEN ALGAE is the only motile organism?

Answer 28

Chlorococcales