Chapter 1

Question 1

Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of behavior and mental processes, blend of physiology and philosophy

Question 2

Psyche

Answer 2

Soul, sprit, and mind

Question 3

Logos

Answer 3

study of

Question 4

7 Major subfields of Psychology

Answer 4

Developmental, physiological, experimental, personality, clinical, counseling, industrial and organizational

Question 5

Developmental Psychology

Answer 5

change from birth to death

Question 6

Physiological Psychology

Answer 6

biological basis of behavior, thought, and emotion

Question 7

Experimental Psychology

Answer 7

Use of experiments to study learning, behavior, memory, etc.

Question 8

Personality Psychology

Answer 8

Differences between individuals that are stable

Question 9

Clinical Psychology

Answer 9

Therapy, diagnosis, causes, treatments

Question 10

Counseling Psychology

Answer 10

Everyday problems of adjustment

Question 11

Social Psychology

Answer 11

How thoughts, feelings, and behavior are influenced by others.

Question 12

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Answer 12

psychology in the workplace

Question 13

5 themes of psychology

Answer 13

Person vs Situation, Nature vs Nurture, Stability vs change, Diversity vs. Universality, Mind vs. Body

Question 14

Person vs. Situation

Answer 14

Are we masters of fate or victims of circumstance?

Question 15

Nature vs Nurture

Answer 15

is our behavior genetic based or environmental based?

Question 16

Stability vs Change

Answer 16

Are childhood characteristics permanent or not?

Question 17

Diversity vs. Universality

Answer 17

human behavior across cultures

Question 18

Mind vs Body

Answer 18

relationship of experiences and biological processes

Question 19

What did Decarte believe?

Answer 19

the human mind is not subject to natural law

Question 20

What did Locke believe?

Answer 20

everything follows natural, order, the mind is blank at birth

Question 21

What did Hobbes believe?

Answer 21

Soul, spirit, and mind are meaningless, our behavior is purely reactionary

Question 22

What did Darwin believe?

Answer 22

The human is is unobservable, therefore beyond science.

Question 23

Who is the father of psychology and which psychological school did he found?

Answer 23

Wundt, Voluntarism

Question 24

What is Voluntarism?

Answer 24

nature of the mind is involved in organizing and synthesizing input, sensation, and feeling

Question 25

Who founded Structuralism?

Answer 25

Titchener

Question 26

What is Structuralism?

Answer 26

Study of structure of the conscious mind through study of images, sensations, and feelings

Question 27

Sensation is to Stimulation as feeling is to

Answer 27

Interpretation

Question 28

Feeling is to interpretation as sensation is to

Answer 28

Stimulation

Question 29

Who founded Functionalism?

Answer 29

James

Question 30

What is Functionalism?

Answer 30

The idea that components do not matter, see how humans function is the real world, how individuals use their psychological abilities to adapt and function in their environment

Question 31

What did Sigmund Freud Develop?

Answer 31

Psychodynamic psychology

Question 32

What is Psychodynamic psychology

Answer 32

The idea that the unconscious (thoughts, memories and desires) drive our behavior

Question 33

Who founded behaviorism?

Answer 33

Watson

Question 34

What is Behaviorism?

Answer 34

Scientific study of behavior

Question 35

Who founded Operant Conditioning?

Answer 35

Skinner

Question 36

What is Operant conditioning

Answer 36

Introduced a reward to increase a behavior, introduce punishment to decrease a behavior.

Question 37

Gestalt Psychology

Answer 37

Our tendency to see and distinguish patterns, and complete a picture from a part

Question 38

Humanistic Psychology

Answer 38

Emphasizes human potential and the importance of love, belonging, and self esteem.

Question 39

Cognitive Psychology

Answer 39

Study the interworkings of the mind, i.e. memory, language, problem solving, attention, and perception

Question 40

Evolutionary Psychology

Answer 40

focuses on the evolutionary origin of mental processes and thoughts

Question 41

Positive Psychology

Answer 41

Positive experiences, self determination, and the relationship between positive emotions and physical health

Question 42

What does modern psychology state?

Answer 42

That all psychological research up to this point has some good parts, so we keep those and ditch the bad parts.

Question 43

Mary Calkins

Answer 43

first woman to receive psychological training

Question 44

Mary Washburn

Answer 44

First woman to get a PhD in psychology

Question 45

What does psychology today place an emphasis on?

Answer 45

human diversity

Question 46

gender roles

Answer 46

social meaning attached to being male/female

Question 47

culture

Answer 47

values, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs of a group passed from one generation to another

Question 48

Collectivist culture

Answer 48

people value dont value independence, they value more harmonious relationships

Question 49

Individualistic culture

Answer 49

prioritizes autonomy over group needs

Question 50

race

Answer 50

subpopulation of a species according to identifiable characteristics

Question 51

ethnicity

Answer 51

common cultural heritage shared by a group

Question 52

Research methods

Answer 52

differing approaches to observation, measurement, manipulation, and control of variables in empirical studies.

Question 53

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 53

systemic study of animal or human behavior in natural settings

Question 54

Case Studies

Answer 54

intensive description and analysis of a single individual (information might not generalize)

Question 55

Surveys

Answer 55

Self reported questionaries

Question 56

Correlational Research

Answer 56

based on naturally occurring relationship between two+ variables

Question 57

positive correlation

Answer 57

both variables move in the same direction

Question 58

negative correlation

Answer 58

variables move in different directions

Question 59

Independent Variable

Answer 59

variable being manipulated or changed

Question 60

Dependent Variable

Answer 60

Variable being measured

Question 61

Experiment group

Answer 61

group being subjected to IV change

Question 62

Control Group

Answer 62

Unchanged group

Question 63

Why do we need to replicate research

Answer 63

so we know that one test wasn't a statistical fluke