Learning
process of acquiring, through experience, new and relatively enduring information
Associative learning
involves learning connection between events that occur in an organisms environment
Stimulus
and event or situation that triggers a response
Classical conditioning
type of learning in which a stimulus acquires the capacity to evoke a response that was originally evoked by another stimulus
neutral stimulus
a stimulus that initially doesn’t produce a specific response
Unconditioned stimulus
a stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response without previous conditioning
conditioned stimulus
a previous netral stimulus that has, through conditioning, aquired the capacity to evoke a conditioned response
Unconditioned Response
an unlearned reaction to an unconditioned stimulus that occurs without previous conditioning
Acquisition
learning a new response
conditioned response
a learned reaction to a conditioned stimulus that occurs because of previous learning
extinction
gradual weakening of a conditioning response tendency
spontaneous recovery
reappearance of an extinguished response after a period of of non exposure to conditioned stimuli
Operant Conditioning, and who was famous for it
form of learning in which responses come to be controlled by their consequences (BF Skinner)
intermittent reinforcement
response doesn’t always yield reinforcement
Reinforcement
occurs when an event following a response increases and organisms tendency to make that response
shaping
repeatedly reinforcing closer and closer approximation of desired response until desired response is achieved (pigeon and buttons)
continuous reinforcement
1 response yields 1 reinforcer
Schedule of reinforcement
a specific pattern of presentation of reinforcers over time
Fixed Ratio
reinforcer given after fixed number of unreinforced responses
Fixed Interval
reinforcer is given for the first response after a fixed time interval has elapsed
Variable Ratio
reinforcer is given after a variable number of unreinforced responses
Variable Interval
reinforcer is given for the first response after a variable time interval has elapsed
Punishment
decreases behavior
reinforcement
increases behavior
