Chapter 1 (Methodology)

Question 1

define observation

Answer 1

it is perception with the intention to draw conclusion

Question 2

what is observation conplicated by

Answer 2

1. selectivity
2. subjectivity
3. absense of base rate and standardization
4. instability of perception
   - -> interrater reliability is very important

Question 3

what is molar and molecular

Answer 3

molecular is more objective observation if behaviour (finger moved)
molar is more subjective and about interpretation (happy)

Question 4

why are we measuring iq

Answer 4

• diagnosis of learning or cognitive problems

- school choice

Question 5

What are maturation factors

Answer 5

Factors that are mostly under genetic control and not under enviromental

Question 6

What is the organismic world view

Answer 6

the idea that people are innerly active and shaope their enviroment

Question 7

what is the mechanistic world view

Answer 7

The idea that people can be described like robots (more passive)

Question 8

What are cross sectional designs

Answer 8

study groups of children of different ages at one point in time (low time consuming but can only describe age difference)

Question 9

What is longitudinal design

Answer 9

More than one observation is made in each child at different ages
problem is that its very hard to conduct and also that people can learn

Question 10

What are microgenetic methods

Answer 10

children being tested repeatedly over shorter periods of time to measure change

Question 11

What are two problems in lonitudinal and crosssectional methods

Answer 11

1. Time between measures (different instances between test ages can result in differences)
2. Cohort effects (changes across generations like medicin)

Question 12

what are sequential designs

Answer 12

Its a combination of longitudinal and cross sectional designs

Question 13

What are the 3 methods of research in developmental psychology

Answer 13

1. Observational
2. Correlational
3. Experimental
4. Psychological tests (quantitative instruments)

Question 14

What are problems with observational research

Answer 14

• generalization

- can be easily biased

Question 15

What are the two sampling methods in observational research

Answer 15

1. Time sampling (look at behaviour at intervals of time)

2. Event sampling (look at behaviour at particular events)

Question 16

what are the two types of correlational research

Answer 16

1. Concurrent (2 variables measured at same time)

2. Predictive (do individuals return to their normal standing or order)