Chapter 10 (Language)

Question 1

Is language more nature or nuture

Answer 1

nuture

Children learn language by experience

Question 2

what are the advantages of language

Answer 2

being able to share intention

Question 3

what are the reasons for Pinker saying that language is an adaptation

Answer 3

1. Its universal
2. Every has a universal design
3. It develops in stages
4. Children develop a language on their own if they are put together
5. Language and disorders are disassociatable

Question 4

What is the nativist perspective

Answer 4

saying that some abilites are innate and learned from birth

Question 5

What are Chomskys poverty of stimulus arguments

Answer 5

1. Language requires the ability to connect D and S structures
2. The D structure must be innate
3. Language input is very complex
4. Children recieve almost no feedback to grammar
5. Children aquire language quickly and easily

Question 6

What is overregulation in children and when does it stop

Answer 6

WHen children are apply rules to wrong words
“I eated food”
It happens until age 7

Question 7

What does overregulation imply about language learning

Answer 7

It does not only happen with conditioning

Question 8

what is pragmatic system

Answer 8

Gestic and mimic#

it involves a lot of imitation

Question 9

What is the phonological system

Answer 9

Speech perception and production
For example the task to seperate words from each other
Children are able to distinguish between small sounds (phonemes) as soon as 1 month old

Question 10

What are the 5 stages of language development

Answer 10

1. Reflexive vocalisation (2 months)
2. Coogin and laughter (4 months)
3. Vocal play (6 months)
4. Babbling (10 months)
5. Modulated Babbling (afterwards)

Question 11

what is the semantic system

Answer 11

memory about stuff you can say in words

Question 12

what is the syntanctic system and what is the s and d structure

Answer 12

grammatical structures and rules
S(urface)-Structure: spoken syntax of the sentence
D(eep)-Structure: abstract and actual meaning the sentence is trying to tell

Question 13

What does it mean that language and dissorders are doubly dissocialbe

Answer 13

Many syndrom may impair intelligence or control but not affect language
this can also be reversed

Question 14

what is double dissociation

Answer 14

when both intelligence or other things AND language is impaired

Question 15

What is the FOWP2 gene

Answer 15

it is the language gene

it is largely involved in being able to move the mouth in the certain ways to procude language

Question 16

What is proto conversation

Answer 16

An early form of turntaking, where the mother engages in turntaking even tho the child is not really speaking

Question 17

What is proto imperative and proto declarative

Answer 17

when a child communicates attention to an object in each manner

Question 18

what are phonemes

Answer 18

The smallest meaningful unit in speech

Question 19

How does being able to discriminate between phonemes evolve in aging

Answer 19

It diminishes with age

Later on we are able to distinguish between phonemes in our language but not in different ones

Question 20

What is interesting about deaf children and babbling and what is manual babbling

Answer 20

deaf children babble as normal ones after 6 months, but stop developing it, which means here it is important to hear language to develop babbling
manual babbling is the signs that children do instead of babbling to communicate
–> it may have been evolved before vocalisation

Question 21

what is the one and two word period

Answer 21

one word (18 months): children only say one word (people and object based) (chinese more people based)
two word (24 months): speaking two words at a time

Question 22

How can syntactic development be explained

Answer 22

• Language requires D- and S-Structes, while only S- Structures are presented
• children often dont recieve feedback for mistakes
• they still aquire language quickly and easy
• -> D-Structures must be innate

Question 23

what are over and underextensions

Answer 23

when the child overextends or underextends the meaning of a word