Chapter 10

Question 1

Why does depth matter?

Answer 1

-Whats in front or behind
-How close/far is the predator/prey
-Size of objects
-2D to 3D experience
-Shape of object

Question 2

Pictorial Cues

Answer 2

Sources of depth info that can be shown in a 2D picture

Question 3

Different Scene, Same Retinal Image

Answer 3

A variety of different 3-D scenes can make 1 and the same retinal image

Question 4

Depth Cue

Answer 4

Information about the depth of visual space
-Pictorial or Oculomotor

Question 5

Monocular Depth Cue

Answer 5

Depth Cue that can be seen with one eye

Question 6

Binocular Depth Cue

Answer 6

Depth cue that relies on info from both eyes

Question 7

Accommodation

Answer 7

The eye changes focus (lens gets fatter when you look at nearer objects)

Question 8

Convergence

Answer 8

Turning two eyes inward to focus on nearer objects

Question 9

Divergence

Answer 9

Turning two eyes outward to focus on further objects

Question 10

Lens Accommodation

Answer 10

Looking at things far away to prevent strain

Question 11

Vergence

Answer 11

Moving the muscles in your eye

Question 12

Convergence Insufficiency

Answer 12

-Hard time seeing close up objects
-Struggle to come inwards
-Diagnosed in childhood (reading difficulties)
-Concussions

Question 13

Pencil Pushups

Answer 13

Move it close to your nose until you see double

Question 14

Prism Glasses

Answer 14

They bend light to manage double vision by shifting image on the retina

Question 15

Occlusion

Answer 15

If something is blocking something else, we assume its in the front (shape/cut out example)

Question 16

Relative Height

Answer 16

Objects look further away when close to the horizon and objects that are close to the ground look closer

Question 17

Relative Size

Answer 17

We assume the smaller objects are further away (panda)

Question 18

Familiar Size

Answer 18

-Learning how to make measurements based on what we see constantly
-Works with relative size

Question 19

Linear Perspective

Answer 19

Lines that are parallel in the 3D world will turn 2D as they go into the distance (blue lines)

Question 20

Vanishing Point

Answer 20

The point where parallel lines recede in depth coverage (white line cutting off blue lines)

Question 21

Atmospheric Perspective

Answer 21

Distant objects look less sharp and near objects have a blue tint (more particles that can scatter the light)

Question 22

Texture Gradient

Answer 22

Similar objects are equally spaced, close up objects have more detail and far away objects have less detail

Question 23

Shadows

Answer 23

-They help brain infer distance, object location, and 3D objects to see if they are close
-Shows their relationship to a light source

Question 24

What are shadows good for

Answer 24

-Illusions
-Changing perception

Question 25

Motion Parallax

Answer 25

Images closer to the observer move faster across the visual field than ones that are far away -Brain uses info to figure out how close objects are in the environment -Head movements

Question 26

Deletion

Answer 26

When an object moves behind another object

Question 27

Stereoscope

Answer 27

A device for presenting one image to one eye and another image to the other eye

Question 28

Accretion

Answer 28

When the object reveals itself in the observer's viewpoint

Question 29

Binocular Disparity

Answer 29

The differences in the images on the left and right retinas -Basis of stereoscopic vision

Question 30

Stereopsis

Answer 30

Depth info provided by binocular disparity

Question 31

Corresponding Retinal Points

Answer 31

Matching spots on the retina that see the same part of an object in a space

Question 32

Horopter

Answer 32

Imaginary sphere that passes through the point of focus -corresponding points on 2 retinas

Question 33

Horopter Example: Tree/Lifeguard

Answer 33

Natural focal length when you're looking at something -You look at people on the outskirts and in the center

Question 34

Noncorresponding Points

Answer 34

Objects that don't fall on the horopter -Make disparate images

Question 35

Absolute Disparity

Answer 35

The angle between the non-corresponding points

Question 36

Relative Disparity

Answer 36

The difference between the absolute disparity of 2 objects

Question 37

The bigger the disparity....

Answer 37

The farther away the horopter of the object is

Question 38

Uncrossed Disparity

Answer 38

Things behind the horopter (you have to uncross your eyes to see it clearly)

Question 39

Crossed Disparity

Answer 39

Things in front of the horopter (you have to cross your eyes to see it clearly

Question 40

Free Fusion

Answer 40

Converging (crossing) or diverging (uncrossing) the eyes to see a stereogram w/o a stereoscope