Chapter 14 Speech

Question 1

Speech production involves

Answer 1

-Respiration
-Phonation
-Articulation

Question 2

Vowels

Answer 2

Vibration of the vocal cords and changes in the shape of the vocal tract by moving the articulators

Question 3

Formants

Answer 3

The phonetic quality of a vowel

Question 4

First and second formants

Answer 4

The 1st has the lowest frequency and the 2nd has the next highest

Question 5

Formant Transitions

Answer 5

Rapid changes in frequency before or after consonants

Question 6

Consonants

Answer 6

Produced by a constriction of the vocal tract

Question 7

Phonem

Answer 7

Smallest unit of speech that changes the meaning of the word
-47 phonemes
-13 vowel sounds
-24 consonant sounds

Question 8

Grapheme

Answer 8

Letters that spell a sound (c k -ck ch)

Question 9

Morpheme

Answer 9

Smallest meaningful word part

Question 10

Coarticulation

Answer 10

Overlap between articulation of near by phonemes also causes variation (toys sounds like toyz)

Question 11

Variability from different speakers

Answer 11

-Speakers differ in pitch, accent, speaking speed, and pronunciation
-Familiar words

Question 12

People perceive speech easily despite the….?

Answer 12

Variability problems due to perceptual constancy

Question 13

Categorical Perception 1

Answer 13

-Cues result in the perception of a limited number of sound categories

Question 14

VOT-Categorical Perception 1 Example

Answer 14

Time delay between when a sound starts and when voicing begins
-da (17) and ta (91)

Question 15

Categorical Perception 2

Answer 15

-Long and short VOT stimuli
-No incremental changes, sudden da to ta change

Question 16

McGurk Effect

Answer 16

Hear one thing, see another
-Visual stimulus shows ga-ga
-Auditory Stimulus shows ba-ba
-Both is da-da
-Eyes closed is ba-ba

Question 17

Word Superiority Effect

Answer 17

Recognize words faster than non words with word rules

Question 18

Phoneme Restoration Effect

Answer 18

You filter the stimuli and your brain filled in the blank of what it should be

Question 19

Perceiving Words in sentences 1 of 2

Answer 19

-Normal grammatical sentences
-Anomalous sentences that were grammatical
-Ungrammatical strings of words
They had to repeat the sentences as they heard them

Question 20

Perceiving Words in sentences Results

Answer 20

-89% accurate w normal sentences
-79% accurate for anomalous sentences
-56% accurate for ungrammatical word strings
*larger differences w background noise

Question 21

Speech Segmentation

Answer 21

The slicing of continuous speech (know where breaks go)
-Phoneme identification

Question 22

Broca’s Area

Answer 22

-Left frontal lobe
-language production and articulation
-Take your thoughts –> speak and write w/ motor functions

Question 23

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 23

-Left temporal lobe
-Language comprehension and processing

Question 24

Broca’s Aphasia

Answer 24

-Expressive aphasia
-Awareness
-Understand speech, can’t form sentences
-Hard for patient

Question 25

Wernicke's Aphasia

Answer 25

-Receptive aphasia -Difficulty understand speech -Thinks their making sense, hard for fam -Can’t receive a message & word salad