Chapter 9 Part 2

Question 1

Red-Green Pair

Answer 1

-Excited by short/long wave receptors
-Inhibited by medium wave elements

Question 2

Blue-Yellow Pair

Answer 2

-Excited by short wave receptors
-Inhibited by medium and long-wave receptors (R+G=Y)

Question 3

Is the Photoreceptor there?

Answer 3

-NOPE: nope in the word means its missing (more significant)
-ANOMOLY: functions differently

Question 4

PRO

Answer 4

-Red
-Long
-First
*Think OSU wears red, we come in 1st place, players go PRO

Question 5

DEUTER

Answer 5

-Green
-Medium
-Second
*Think green book bag, spring is the second season and its green

Question 6

TRI

Answer 6

-Blue
-Short
-Third
*Think triton is the king of the blue sea and he has a 3 prong trident

Question 7

Color-Vision Deficiency Demographics

Answer 7

-X linked recessive from mom
-8% male and .5% female
-M or L cones missing

Question 8

Achromatopsia

Answer 8

-Black and white vision (only rods)
-RARE
-100% color blindness
-Sensitive to light
-Poor visual acuity

Question 9

Color Anomalous Vision (overlap)

Answer 9

Normal-small overlap
Color blind-big overlap between M and L cone (deuteranomaly is most common)

Question 10

Color Deficiency in Children

Answer 10

-Avoiding arts and crafts
-Not using “realistic colors”
-Smelling foods before eating them

Question 11

Tetrachromacy

Answer 11

-4 cones
-RARE
-Only in females and gene for L cone on X chromosome
-2 mutations=orange sensitive wavelength

Question 12

What you need for Tetra?

Answer 12

-Mutated copy of the gene (12% of females)
-4th cone has to have different frequency sensitivity
-Need 4 color channels to process color info

Question 13

Dichromats

Answer 13

-Most mammals (dogs, cats, horses)
-No green M cones
-Wide periphery

Question 14

Trichromats

Answer 14

Old world primates (humans, apes)

Question 15

Monochromats

Answer 15

Marine animals

Question 16

Tetrochromats

Answer 16

Birds, reptiles, amphibians

Question 17

Trichromats

Answer 17

Bees (lack L and see UV instead)
-short wavelengths

Question 18

Surface Reflectance

Answer 18

Objects give back a spectrum of wavelengths through light (fraction of incoming light coming back)

Question 19

Chromatic Adaptation

Answer 19

You get less sensitive to a color overtime
-adapting with the color bleaches a specific cone pigment

Question 19

Color Constancy

Answer 19

The tendency for a surface to appear the same color under different light (you see it one way and you don’t change your opinion)