allegiance effects
In psychotherapy outcome research, the influence of researchers’ own biases and preferences on the outcome of their empirical studies
anal stage
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, the second of the psychosexual developmental stages, and the stage from which issues of control may emerge
“blank screen” role
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, the therapist role in which little personal information is revealed to facilitate transference
brief psychodynamic psychotherapy
A more efficient and increasingly common version of psychodynamic psychotherapy, typically lasting about 6 months or less
countertransference
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, transference by the therapist toward the client
defense mechanisms
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, techniques used by the ego to manage conflict between the id and superego
displacement
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, a defense mechanism in which the ego displaces an id impulse toward a safer target
dream work
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, the process of converting the latent content of a dream to its manifest content
dreams
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, an important means by which the client’s unconscious material is communicated, and a common focus of interpretation
dream work:
ego
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, the part of the mind that manages conflict between id and the superego and also meets the demands of reality; the part of the mind that generates defense mechanisms
ego psychology
A variation of psychodynamic psychotherapy emphasizing the adaptive tendencies of the ego over the pleasure-based drive of the id
fixation
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, unsuccessful resolution of the psychological tasks of a particular developmental stage
free association
A therapy technique in which psychodynamic psychotherapists simply ask clients to say whatever comes to mind without censoring themselves at all
Sigmund Freud
The pioneer of the psychodynamic approach to clinical psychology
Freudian slips
Verbal or behavioral mistakes determined, according to psychodynamic psychotherapists, by unconscious motivations
Id
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, the part of the mind that generates and seeks immediate satisfaction for all the pleasure-seeking, selfish, indulgent, animalistic impulses
inferential
A characteristic of psychodynamic psychotherapy referring to the clinician’s reliance on deduction or conjecture rather than empirical or directly observable information
insight
A primary goal of psychodynamic psychotherapy; making the unconscious conscious
Interpersonal Therapy
A specific, manualized, contemporary form of psychodynamic psychotherapy that emphasizes interpersonal relationships and has received empirical support for the treatment of depression
interpretation
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, the therapist’s attempt to formulate and discuss with the client a hypothesized connection between unconscious material and client behavior
latent content
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, the raw, unconscious thoughts and feelings represented by a dream
manifest content
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, the actual plot of the dream as remembered by the dreamer, which represents the latent content
object relations
A variation of psychodynamic psychotherapy deemphasizing internal conflict (id vs. superego), and instead emphasizing relationships between internalized “objects” (essentially, important people from the client’s life)
oral stage
In psychodynamic psychotherapy, the first of the psychosexual developmental stages, and the stage from which issues of dependency may emerge
