Chapter 12

Question 1

CONCEPTION & FETAL DEVELOPMENT
-What is conception?
-Where does it happen?
-When does this occur?

Answer 1

-Union of a single egg & sperm

Question 2

CONCEPTION & FETAL DEVELOPMENT
-Where does fertilization occur in?
-When does it occur?
-What does this form?

Answer 2

-in the uterine fallopian tube
-within 24 hours of ovulation
-Zygote

Question 3

CONCEPTION & FETAL DEVELOPMENT
-What is a zygote

Answer 3

First cell of the new individual

Question 4

CONCEPTION & FETAL DEVELOPMENT
-When does implantation happen?
-What does this mean?

Answer 4

-6-10 days after conception
-Baby attaches to uterus

Question 5

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
-The embryonic period occurs from..

Answer 5

day 15-week 8 or week 3-8

Question 6

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT
-What happens during this period?
-What is there a high risk for?

Answer 6

-The organs are forming
-Birth defects due to teratogens

Question 7

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: Terotogens
-What may alcohol cause? (3)

Answer 7

growth restriction, cognitive impairment, microcephaly

Question 8

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: Terotogens
-What are two types of anticoagulants?
-What can they cause? (3)

Answer 8

-warfarin & dicoumarol
-skeletal abnormalities, broad hands with short fingers, CNS

Question 9

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: Terotogens
-What are chemo agents? (2)
-What can they cause?

Answer 9

-methotrexate, aminopterin
-varieties of abnormalities throughout the body

Question 10

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: Terotogens
-What can lithium cause?

Answer 10

Heart abnormalities

Question 11

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: Terotogens
-What can dilantin cause? (4)

Answer 11

Cognitive impairment, poor growth, microcephaly, dysmorphic face

Question 12

EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT: Terotogens
-What can accutane cause? (4)

Answer 12

1. Cranial defects
2. Cleft palate
3. Ear & eye abnormalities
4. Nervous system

Question 13

EMBRYO & FETUS
-How long does pregnancy last?

Answer 13

280 days or 40 weeks

Question 14

EMBRYO & FETUS
-What are the two fetal membranes that surround the developing embryo/fetus?

Answer 14

1. Chorion
2. Amnion

Question 15

EMBRYO & FETUS
-What is the chorion?

Answer 15

The outer most membrane that becomes the placenta

Question 16

EMBRYO & FETUS
-What is the amnion?

Answer 16

The inner most membrane that forms the amniotic sac

Question 17

EMBRYO & FETUS
-What occurs by day 17?

Answer 17

The embryonic heart starts beating

Question 19

EMBRYO & FETUS: Amniotic Fluid
-What does this provide for the fetus?

Answer 19

Cushioning

Question 20

EMBRYO & FETUS: Amniotic Fluid
-It allows for _____ of the fetus

Answer 20

thermoregulation

Question 21

EMBRYO & FETUS: Amniotic Fluid
-Volume at 8 weeks?

Answer 21

less than 10 mL

Question 22

EMBRYO & FETUS: Amniotic Fluid
-Volume at 16 weeks?

Answer 22

250 mL

Question 23

EMBRYO & FETUS: Amniotic Fluid
-Volume at 32 weeks?

Answer 23

800 mL

Question 24

EMBRYO & FETUS: Amniotic Fluid
-What is oligohydramnios?

Answer 24

<300 mL

Question 25

**EMBRYO & FETUS**: *Amniotic Fluid* -What is polyhydramnios?

Answer 25

2L

Question 26

**UMBILICAL CORD** -the 2 arteries carry what? -The vein carries what?

Answer 26

-WASTE OUT -oxygen IN

Question 27

**UMBILICAL CORD** -What is Wharton's jelly?

Answer 27

It surrounds the vessel to prevent compression (protects it)

Question 28

**UMBILICAL CORD** -What does nuchal cord mean? -What does it cause?

Answer 28

-When it is wrapped around any part of the body -Hypoxia & acidosis

Question 29

**UMBILICAL CORD** -What does true knot do?

Answer 29

It restrcits blood supply --> oxygen is filling up in fetus

Question 30

**PLACENTA** -When is this structure complete by?

Answer 30

12th week

Question 31

**PLACENTA** -Describe its growth by the 10th week

Answer 31

It covers half of uterine surface

Question 32

**PLACENTA** -What are the 2 main jobs?

Answer 32

1. Endocrine function 2. Metabolic function

Question 33

**PLACENTA** -hCG is a hormone made by the placenta. When does it show up? -What does it do?

Answer 33

-8-10 days after ovulation -supplies progesterone & estrogen until placenta can

Question 34

**PLACENTA** -What does progesterone do? -Why?

Answer 34

-It decreases contractility of the uterus --> keeps it relaxed -To prevent contractions & maintain pregnancy

Question 35

**PLACENTA** -What is hCS?

Answer 35

Similar to growth hormone that helps with breast development

Question 36

**PLACENTA** -What is Estriol? -What does it do?

Answer 36

-A type of estrogen -stimulates uterine growth & uteroplacental blood flow

Question 37

**PLACENTA** -What does the placenta act as for the baby?

Answer 37

Lungs, stomach, & kidneys

Question 38

**PLACENTA** -What are the metabolic functions? (4)

Answer 38

1. Respiration --> O2 in, CO2 out 2. Nutrition 3. Excretion & storage 4. Circulation

Question 39

**PLACENTA** -What is circulation dependent on?

Answer 39

Maternal BP