OB EXAM 2 > Chapter 25 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Flashcards

Newborn Nutrition and Feeding (53 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

RECOMMENDED INFANT NUTRITION
-What provides the best nutrition for infants/is the gold standard?

A

Breast milk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RECOMMENDED INFANT NUTRITION
-The AAP recommends EXCLUSIVE breastfeeding for the first ____ months & CONTINUED breastfeeding for at least ___ months

A

-6
-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RECOMMENDED INFANT NUTRITION
-What does the WHO recommend?

A

Breastfeeding for 6 months & continued breastfeeding until 2+ years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

BREASTFEEDING RATES
-They have (increased/decreased) steadily over the past decade

A

Increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

BREASTFEEDING RATES
-Who are the lowest breastfeeding rates among? (3)

A
  1. Non-Hispanic black infants
  2. Lower income families
  3. Families living in rural areas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

BREASTFEEDING BENEFITS
-What are the benefits for mom?

A
  1. Reduced risk of breast & ovarian cancer
  2. Helps uterus contract
  3. Helps with weight loss
  4. Promotes bonding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

BREASTFEEDING DECISION
-Women tend to select (the same/different) feeding method for all their children

A

The same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

BREASTFEEDING DECISION
-What influences the decision?

A

Personal & sociocultural factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

OBSTACLES TO BREASTFEEDING
-What are they? (5)

A
  1. Returning to work
  2. No access to pumps/no time for pumping
  3. Lack of education about breastfeeding resources
  4. Widespread formula marketing
  5. Insufficient training & education of HCP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

BREASTFEEDING CONTRAINDICATIONS
-What are the contraindications?

A
  1. NBs with galactosemia
  2. Moms with HIV, active TB, Herpes lesions on breast, certain infections, untreated brucellosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

BREASTFEEDING CONTRAINDICATIONS
-What is galactosemia?

A

Galactose in the blood –>body cannot process/produce energy from galactose, so it builds up in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

CULTURAL INFLUENCES
-What do Mexicans practice?
-What does this mean?

A

-Las dos cosas –> “both things”
-Breastmilk and formula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

NUTRIENT NEEDS
-Infants must be monitored closely for _____ intake & ____ loss

A

-fluid
-water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

NUTRIENT NEEDS
-What are key components of breastmilk?

A

-IgA
-Proteins, fats, carbs
-Vitamins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

NUTRIENT NEEDS
-CARBOHYDRATES: For the first 6 months of life, infants need ____g/day & for the second 6 months they need ____g/day

A

-60
-95

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

NUTRIENT NEEDS
-What is the major energy source for infants?

A

Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

NUTRIENT NEEDS
-Fat supplies ___% of calories in breastmilk & formula

A

50

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

NUTRIENT NEEDS
-Human milk contains all of the vitamins required for infant nutrition EXCEPT what?

A

Vitamin D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ANATOMY
-How many segments (lobes) do the lactating breasts have?

A

15-20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ANATOMY
-What are alveoli?

A

The milk-producing cells within lobules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ANATOMY
-There is a network of ____ ____ that transport milk from the ____ to the _____

A

-milk ducts
-alveoli
-nipple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

ANATOMY
-The size & shape of the breast are accurate indicators of its ability to produce milk (T/F)

Study These Flashcards
A

FALSE; not accurate indicators

23
Q

LACTOGENESIS
-What hormone prepares the breast to secrete milk?
-Supply of milk meets what?

Study These Flashcards
A

-Prolactin
-demand

24
Q

LACTOGENESIS
-What does oxytocin do?

Study These Flashcards
A

It releases milk via the milk ejection reflex (MER)/let-down reflex

25
**LACTOGENESIS** -Additionally, oxytocin stimulates what? -Mothers who breastfeed are at decreased risk for what?
-uterine contractions during labor -PP hemorrhage
26
**COLOSTRUM** -How does this look? -when does mom have this? -What is it rich in?
-Thick, yellow, more concentrated than mature milk -First 2-3 days -immunoglobulins
27
**COLOSTRUM** -Colostrum contains more what? -It contains less ____ than mature milk
-protein & minerals -fat
28
Breastmilk promotes the colonization & maturation of what? -This is essential to the development of what?
-the infant's intestinal microbiome -the immune system
29
**LACTOGENESIS STAGES**: *Stage I* -When does this begin?
During weeks 16-18 of gestation
30
**LACTOGENESIS STAGES**: *Stage II* -What does this begin with? -What is secreted during the first 2-3 days? -What is this important in?
-Delivery of placenta -Colostrum -establishing normal lactobacillus bifidus flora in digestive tract
31
**LACTOGENESIS STAGES**: *Stage III* -What kind of milk is established? -When does this begin?
-Mature milk -10-14 days after birth
32
The composition of mature milk changes during each feeding (T/F)
TRUE
33
Milk production gradually (increases/decreases) as the baby grows
Increases
34
What are 5 predictable growth spurts?
1. 10 days 2. 3 weeks 3. 6 weeks 4. 3 months 5. 6 months
35
**FEEDING CUES** -What are 3 feeding cues?
1. Hand-to-mouth or hand-to-hand 2. Sucking/mouth motions 3. Rooting reflex
36
**FEEDING CUES** -When is the ideal time to begin breastfeeding?
Within the first hour after birth
37
**ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVE BREASTFEEDING** -The nurse should observe at least one breastfeeding session every __-__ hours to assess feeding effectiveness
8-12
38
**ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVE BREASTFEEDING** -What does the LATCH tool stand for?
Latch Audible swallowing Type of nipple Comfort level of mother Hold (positioning)
39
**MOTHERS & INFANTS** -Read through
40
**EXPRESSING & STORING** -Read through
41
**EXPRESSING & STORING** -Milk banking is used for who?
Infants who **CANNOT** be breastfed but need human milk to survive --> banked donor milk
42
**SUPPORTING BREASTFEEDING MOTHERS & INFANTS** -Read through
43
-FDA warns against what? -Why?
-Milk sharing -Risk of infection/disease or drugs in milk
44
**COMMON CONCERNS** -What are 5 common concerns?
1. Engorgement 2. Sore nipples 3. Insufficient milk supply 4. Plugged milk ducts 5. Mastitis
45
**FEEDING FORMULA** -Read through
46
**FEEDING FORMULA** -Infants should be ____ for all feedings -Should bottles be propped?
-Held -NO!
47
**FORMULA FEEDING** -What are 3 types of infant formulas?
1. Cow's milk-based 2. Protein hydrolysate 3. Soy protein-based
48
**FORMULA FEEDING** -Which formula is recommended for infants with galactosemia & congenital lactase deficiency?
Soy protein-based
49
**FORMULA FEEDING** -DO NOT give which types of milk? (5)
1. Regular milk 2. Goat milk 3. Unpasteurized milk 4. Skim or low-fat milk 5. condensed milk
50
**FORMULA FEEDING** -When do solid foods start?
At 6 months
51
Which formula is least expensive?
Powdered formula
52
Which formula is most expensive but easiest to use?
Ready-to-feed
53
Read key points!!!
OB EXAM 2
flashcards
Decks in class (14)
# Cards
Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2026 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions