Chapter 6 UPDATED

Question 1

AMENORRHEA
-What is it?

Answer 1

Absence of menstrual flow

Question 2

PRIMARY AMENORRHEA
-What is this?

Answer 2

The absence of menses by 15 years of age, REGARDLESS of normal growth & development

Question 3

SECONDARY AMENORRHEA
-What is this?

Answer 3

a 6-month OR MORE cessation of menses after a period of menstruation

Question 4

MENORRHAGIA/HYPERMENORRHEA
-What is this?

Answer 4

excessive menstrual bleeding

Question 5

METRORRHAGIA
-What is this?

Answer 5

Irregular uterine bleeding or spotting that occurs between regular menstrual periods

Question 6

DYSMENORRHEA
-What is this?

Answer 6

Pain that occurs during or shortly before menstruation

Question 7

DYSMENORRHEA
-Where is the pain usually located?
-How is it described as?

Answer 7

-In the suprapubic area OR lower abdomen
-Sharp, cramping, gripping, or steady dull ache

Question 8

PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA
-What is this condition associated with?
-Pathology?
-When does it manifest?

Answer 8

-the ovulatory cycle
-No known pathology
-Before 20 years of age

Question 9

PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA
-During the luteal phase, what is secreted?

Answer 9

Prostaglandin F2a

Question 10

PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA
-What happens here?
-What does this do?

Answer 10

-Excessive release of PGF2a
-Increases amplitude & frequency of uterine contractions, which causes vasospasm of the uterine arterioles –> this results in ischemia & cyclic lower abdominal cramps

Question 11

PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA
-What are the S/S? (5)

Answer 11

1. Backache
2. Weakness
3. Diaphoresis
4. GI symptoms –> anorexia, N/V, diarrhea
5. CNS symptoms –> dizziness, syncope, headache, & poor concentration

Question 12

PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA
-What can be done to help this? (6)

Answer 12

1. Apply heat to lower abdomen
2. Physical exercise
3. Relaxation training
4. Breathing exercises
5. Herbs/essential oils
6. NSAIDs

Question 13

SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA
-What is this?

Answer 13

Menstrual pain that develops LATER in life than primary dysmenorrhea

Question 14

SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA
-What is it associated with?
-What are they? (5)

Answer 14

-Pelvic pathologies
1. Adenomyosis
2. Endometrosis
3. Pelvic inflammatory disease
4. Endometrial polyps
5. Submucous/interstitial myomas (fibroids)

Question 15

PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS)
-What is this?

Answer 15

A cluster of symptoms that begin in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle followed by a symptom-free period

Question 16

PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME (PMS)
-What are the symptoms? (4)

Answer 16

1. Mood changes
2. Bloating
3. Headaches
4. Irritability