Comptia A+ > Chapter 13 - Networking > Flashcards

Chapter 13 - Networking Flashcards

(121 cards)

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1
Q

What is a PAN?

A

A Personal Area Network for devices in close proximity (often Bluetooth).

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2
Q

Which Ethernet topology is most common?

A

Star topology (central device like a switch connects all others).

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3
Q

What unique 48-bit address is burned into a NIC?

A

MAC address (hexadecimal).

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4
Q

Which network device operates primarely at OSI Layer 3 using IP addresses?

A

Router.

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5
Q

What private IPv4 range is common for SOHO?

A

192.168.x.x (Class C private range).

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6
Q

What command tests basic connectivity?

A

ping.

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7
Q

What are the two RJ45 wiring standards?

A

T568A and T568B.

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8
Q

What cable connects two computers directly without a switch?

A

Crossover cable.

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9
Q

What is the default gateway?

A

The router IP a device uses to reach other networks.

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10
Q

Which protocol auto-assigns IPs to clients?

A

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol).

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11
Q

What is 802.11ax also called and which bands can it use?

A

Wi‑Fi 6; operates in 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz.

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12
Q

What is an SSID?

A

Service Set Identifier (the name of a wireless network).

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13
Q

Which 2.4 GHz channels are non-overlapping?

A

Channels 1, 6, and 11.

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14
Q

What is the most secure Wi‑Fi security protocol listed?

A

WPA3 (uses SAE).

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15
Q

What command shows the path and hops to a destination?

A

tracert.

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16
Q

What is a VLAN?

A

Logical grouping/segmentation of devices on a switch into separate networks.

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17
Q

What supplies power over Ethernet cabling?

A

PoE (Power over Ethernet).

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18
Q

What Windows command shows IP configuration?

A

ipconfig.

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19
Q

Hub vs switch—key difference?

A

Hub broadcasts to all ports; switch forwards only to destination port.

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20
Q

What translates names to IPs like www.example.com?

A

DNS (Domain Name System).

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21
Q

What address is assigned if DHCP can’t be reached?

A

APIPA (169.254.x.x).

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22
Q

What is a Windows public network profile?

A

Security profile for unknown networks with network discovery disabled.

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23
Q

What does ‘limited connectivity’ indicate?

A

Connected locally but missing proper IP/internet access.

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24
Q

What is a subnet mask for?

A

To separate network and host portions of an IP address.

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25
What command lists connections and ports?
netstat.
26
Which network groups personal devices nearby (e.g., BT keyboard)?
PAN (Personal Area Network).
27
What physical OSI layer handles media/connectors/voltages?
Layer 1 (Physical).
28
At which OSI layer do routers operate?
Layer 3 (Network).
29
What does the Data Link layer add to frames?
A header and a trailer.
30
Which OSI layer is the MAC address associated with?
Layer 2 (Data Link).
31
TCP vs UDP—main difference?
TCP is connection‑oriented/reliable; UDP is connectionless/faster without guaranteed delivery.
32
Which protocol is connectionless and used by VoIP/DHCP?
UDP.
33
Which protocol is connection‑oriented for reliable delivery (e.g., HTTPS)?
TCP.
34
HTTP default TCP port?
80
35
HTTPS default TCP port?
443
36
SMTP (mail relay) TCP port?
25
37
Which protocol uses UDP 67/68 for addressing?
DHCP.
38
DNS default port?
53
39
POP3 and IMAP ports?
POP3: 110; IMAP: 143.
40
Remote Desktop Protocol port?
TCP 3389.
41
FTP vs SFTP ports and security?
FTP: 20/21 cleartext; SFTP: 22 over SSH encrypted.
42
SMB/CIFS port for file/printer shares?
TCP 445.
43
LDAP directory services port?
TCP 389.
44
What does a subnet mask do in IPv4?
Divides IP into network and host parts.
45
Default mask for Class C?
255.255.255.0.
46
What is CIDR?
Classless Inter‑Domain Routing—allocates by needed host count, not strict classes.
47
In 192.168.1.0/24, what does /24 mean?
24 bits for the network (mask 255.255.255.0).
48
Private vs public IP—private example?
Private IP is non‑routable (e.g., 192.168.0.0/16).
49
IPv4 loopback and IPv6 loopback?
127.0.0.1 (IPv4) and ::1 (IPv6).
50
Why does a device use an APIPA address?
Because the DHCP configuration failed; Windows self‑assigned 169.254.0.1–169.254.255.254.
51
Can APIPA devices talk to other APIPA devices locally?
Yes.
52
First octet ranges: Class A/B/C?
A: 0–127, B: 128–191, C: 192–223.
53
Private ranges A/B/C?
A: 10.0.0.0/8; B: 172.16.0.0–172.31.255.255 (/12); C: 192.168.0.0/16.
54
Default masks A/B/C?
A: 255.0.0.0; B: 255.255.0.0; C: 255.255.255.0.
55
How many bits in IPv4?
32 bits.
56
How many bits in IPv6?
128 bits.
57
What does :: mean in IPv6?
A compressed run of consecutive zeros.
58
Hosts per subnet formula?
2^n − 2 (n = host bits).
59
Binary for 255.255.255.0 mask?
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000.
60
First usable host in a subnet?
Network address + 1.
61
Last usable host in a subnet?
Broadcast address − 1.
62
Usable hosts in 192.168.151.0/24?
254 (2^8 − 2).
63
What is the network address of a subnet?
All host bits 0 (first address).
64
What is the broadcast address of a subnet?
All host bits 1 (last address).
65
What is a LAN?
Local Area Network (single site/building).
66
What is a WLAN?
Wireless Local Area Network.
67
What is a MAN?
Metropolitan Area Network (city/campus scale).
68
What is a WAN?
Wide Area Network (connects multiple LANs over distance).
69
What is a SAN?
Storage Area Network (high‑speed block storage network).
70
What device is less intelligent and broadcasts to all ports?
Hub.
71
What device forwards frames by MAC table?
Switch.
72
Cat 5e frequency and speed?
Up to 100 MHz per pair; up to 1 Gb/s.
73
Max UTP run length (Cat 5e/6/6a+)?
100 meters (328 ft).
74
Cat 6 frequency and note?
Up to 250 MHz; more stringent specs to reduce crosstalk.
75
Cat 6 10 Gb/s distance limit?
Up to 55 meters.
76
Cat 6a frequency?
Up to 500 MHz.
77
Cat 7 characteristic?
Shielding per pair, up to 600 MHz (not a TIA/EIA standard).
78
Cat 8 frequency and target speed?
Up to 2000 MHz; designed for up to 40 Gb/s.
79
802.11n bands and max speed?
2.4/5 GHz; up to 600 Mb/s with MIMO.
80
802.11ac (Wi‑Fi 5) band and max speed?
5 GHz; up to 6.93 Gb/s with MU‑MIMO.
81
802.11ad band and max speed?
60 GHz; up to 6.76 Gb/s.
82
What device connects wireless clients to a wired LAN?
Wireless access point (AP).
83
What do consumer 'wireless routers' combine?
Router + switch + wireless AP.
84
What is a Wi‑Fi channel?
Specific frequency a WAP uses.
85
What is antenna gain measured in?
dBi.
86
Why lower WAP transmit power?
Reduce interference so multiple APs can co‑exist.
87
What NIC feature allows remote wake?
Wake‑on‑LAN.
88
What connects a VM to the network?
Virtual Network Interface Card (virtual NIC).
89
What is IoT?
Internet of Things—interconnected sensors/devices (e.g., smart home).
90
Two non‑Wi‑Fi smart home standards?
Zigbee and Z‑Wave.
91
What command checks connectivity with echo requests?
ping.
92
How to renew DHCP after APIPA?
ipconfig /release then ipconfig /renew.
93
Common cause of IP conflict?
Two devices manually assigned the same IP.
94
What command renames a computer/domain account?
netdom renamecomputer.
95
What command joins a workstation to a domain?
netdom join.
96
Centralized printer management vs home sharing?
Print server (enterprise) vs printer sharing (home/SMB).
97
What is 'network printer mapping'?
Adding a printer by domain name or IP.
98
HTTP/HTTPS default ports recap?
HTTP 80; HTTPS 443.
99
IMAP default port?
TCP 143.
100
LDAP default port?
TCP 389.
101
What tool crimps RJ45 onto cable ends?
Crimper.
102
What tool traces unlabeled cables by tone?
Tone generator and probe (toner probe).
103
What tool terminates wires on a patch panel?
Punchdown tool.
104
What tool checks cable pinout/shorts/opens?
Cable tester.
105
What device loops signals to test a port?
Loopback plug.
106
How are VLANs implemented?
Configured on a switch to segment the network.
107
What command traces route to a host?
tracert.
108
What command shows TCP connections/listeners?
netstat.
109
What maps a share to a drive letter?
net use.
110
What manages user accounts from CLI?
net user.
111
What queries DNS records?
nslookup.
112
What combines ping and tracert diagnostics?
pathping.
113
DNS uses UDP 53 for what?
Translating names (e.g., www.google.com) to IPs.
114
DHCP uses UDP 67/68 for what?
Assigning IP and configuration parameters to devices.
115
RDP default port?
TCP 3389.
116
SMB default port?
TCP 445.
117
AFP default port?
TCP 548.
118
SLP port and purpose?
TCP/UDP 427; service discovery on local network.
119
What tool strips cable jacket safely?
Cable stripper.
120
What analyzes Wi‑Fi traffic/signal strength?
Wi‑Fi analyzer.
121
What is a network tap?
Hardware that provides access to monitor network traffic.
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