Comptia A+ > Chapter 16 - Advanced Windows > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Advanced Windows Flashcards

(105 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Which Windows file system supports up to 2 TB volumes and is common on removable flash drives?

A

FAT32

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2
Q

Which file system (aka FAT64) is optimized for removable media and is recommended up to 512 TB?

A

exFAT

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3
Q

What is the standard file system for Windows 10/11 with security, compression, quotas, and encryption?

A

NTFS (New Technology File System)

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4
Q

Which file systems are used on optical media (CD/DVD/BD)?

A

CDFS (CDs) and UDF (DVDs/Blu‑ray)

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5
Q

What Microsoft file system is designed for fault tolerance and integrity and often used with Storage Spaces?

A

ReFS (Resilient File System)

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6
Q

What is the executable for Disk Management?

A

diskmgmt.msc

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7
Q

Why should Windows be installed on NTFS (four reasons)?

A

Security (ACLs/EFS), compression, disk quotas, and encryption (BitLocker)

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8
Q

What are the three high‑level phases of Windows setup?

A

Windows PE (preinstallation), install drivers/settings, and OOBE (Out‑of‑Box Experience)

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9
Q

In a peer‑to‑peer environment where each PC holds its own accounts, what is the network type?

A

Workgroup

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10
Q

In a centrally managed environment with a domain controller, what is the network type?

A

Domain

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11
Q

What Windows tool verifies that audio devices are present and working?

A

Device Manager (Sound, video and game controllers)

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12
Q

Where do you manage speakers, headsets, and microphones in Windows 11?

A

Settings > System > Sound

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13
Q

In Device Manager, how do you show devices that are not currently connected?

A

View > Show hidden devices

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14
Q

How do you manually install a downloaded driver .inf in Device Manager?

A

Update driver > Browse my computer > Let me pick > Have Disk

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15
Q

In Windows 11, where do you repair a misbehaving app?

A

Settings > Apps > Installed apps > (⋯) > Advanced options > Repair/Reset

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16
Q

Files with which extension provide reusable code shared by apps?

A

DLL (.dll, Dynamic Link Library)

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17
Q

What command registers/unregisters DLLs and ActiveX controls?

A

regsvr32

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18
Q

Where is Computer Management via Control Panel in Windows 11?

A

Control Panel > System and Security > Windows Tools > Computer Management

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19
Q

What are the three major sections in Computer Management?

A

System Tools, Storage, Services and Applications

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20
Q

What rights are required for Disk Management tasks?

A

Administrator rights

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21
Q

What Windows feature pools multiple drives into one logical virtual disk?

A

Storage Spaces

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22
Q

Storage Spaces virtual disks are typically formatted with which file systems?

A

NTFS or ReFS

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23
Q

What is a partition capable of loading an operating system called?

A

A bootable (system) partition

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24
Q

Which WinRE tool fixes missing/damaged system or BCD files automatically?

A

Startup Repair

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25
Which WinRE option opens the menu that includes Safe Mode?
Startup Settings
26
Which WinRE tool reverts the system to a saved restore point?
System Restore
27
What Windows tool can image an entire drive for bare‑metal recovery?
System Image Backup (Backup and Restore [Windows 7])
28
What happens to restore points when Windows is reinstalled?
They are deleted
29
What feature automatically backs up user libraries, contacts, and favorites to another drive?
File History
30
What backup type copies all selected files and clears the archive bit?
Full backup
31
What backup type copies files changed since the last full backup and does not clear the archive bit?
Differential backup
32
What backup type copies files changed since the last backup of any kind and clears the archive bit?
Incremental backup
33
What is the executable for System Configuration?
msconfig.exe
34
Which msconfig tab is used to set Safe Boot options?
Boot tab
35
Which Safe Boot option loads only essential services (no networking)?
Minimal
36
Which Safe Boot option starts to a command prompt (no GUI, no networking)?
Alternate shell
37
Which Safe Boot option starts Safe Mode with networking?
Network
38
What does the Services tab in msconfig do?
Enables/disables background services at startup
39
In Windows 10/11, where are startup apps managed from msconfig?
msconfig’s Startup tab links to Task Manager > Startup
40
Which tool shows apps in memory, running processes, CPU and RAM usage?
Task Manager (taskmgr)
41
What do you do in Task Manager when an app stops responding?
Select it and choose End task
42
Name the seven Task Manager tabs (More details view).
Processes, Performance, App history, Startup apps, Users, Details, Services
43
What is a performance baseline?
A snapshot of normal resource usage for comparison during issues
44
Which tools are better than Task Manager for baselining and analysis?
Performance Monitor and Reliability Monitor
45
What is a cloud drive?
Cloud‑based storage that syncs files/folders across devices
46
Name three common cloud storage services.
OneDrive, Google Drive, Dropbox (also iCloud Drive)
47
How can you access cloud storage?
Web browser, provider’s app, or File Explorer integration
48
Which tool schedules backups/scripts to run automatically?
Task Scheduler (taskschd.msc)
49
What console centralizes tools like Device Manager, Disk Management, and Services?
Computer Management (compmgmt.msc)
50
Are drivers interchangeable across different Windows versions?
No; drivers are OS‑version specific
51
How can one PC run Windows 7 and Windows 10?
Multiboot: install each OS on a separate partition/drive
52
What is the primary role of Computer Management > Services and Applications?
Manage system services and components (e.g., Services, WMI, MSMQ)
53
For home/small business during setup, which network option is typical?
Workgroup
54
What is the purpose of the Tools tab in msconfig?
Quickly launch administrative tools (e.g., PerfMon, Event Viewer)
55
What file system supports per‑file encryption?
NTFS via EFS (Encrypting File System)
56
What full‑disk encryption is commonly used on Windows?
BitLocker (requires TPM or USB key per policy)
57
What command scans and repairs protected system files?
sfc /scannow
58
What DISM command repairs the component store online?
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
59
Where do you view detailed reliability history and failures?
Reliability Monitor (perfmon /rel)
60
Where do you view and filter system/app logs?
Event Viewer (eventvwr.msc)
61
How do you create and manage local users/groups on Pro editions?
Local Users and Groups (lusrmgr.msc)
62
How do you edit local security policies on Pro editions?
Local Security Policy (secpol.msc)
63
How do you view/modify local group policies?
Group Policy Editor (gpedit.msc, Pro/Enterprise)
64
How do you force immediate Group Policy refresh?
gpupdate /force
65
Where do you turn Windows features on or off?
optionalfeatures.exe (Windows Features dialog)
66
What is the Windows Sandbox?
A disposable, isolated desktop environment for testing (Pro/Enterprise with virtualization)
67
What is Hyper‑V used for on Windows Pro/Enterprise?
Running virtual machines (enable in Windows Features)
68
What is Secure Boot’s role during Windows boot?
Verifies bootloader/drivers using trusted signatures
69
Why choose ReFS for data volumes with Storage Spaces?
Improved integrity, auto‑repair with Storage Spaces; not bootable for Windows client
70
Where do you adjust BitLocker settings and recovery keys?
Control Panel > BitLocker Drive Encryption (or Settings > Privacy & security > Device encryption)
71
How do you roll back a problematic driver?
Device Manager > Device properties > Driver tab > Roll Back Driver
72
How do you view hidden/non‑PnP devices to remove stale drivers?
Device Manager > View > Show hidden devices
73
What is the difference between File History and System Image Backup?
File History protects user data; System Image captures the entire system for bare‑metal restore
74
Where do you map/unmap network drives?
File Explorer > This PC > Map network drive (or net use)
75
How do you quickly check Windows build number?
Run winver
76
What command shows OS edition/build and activation channel in detail?
systeminfo (and Settings > System > About)
77
What setting reduces notification interruptions?
Focus Assist / Do Not Disturb (Settings > System > Notifications)
78
What feature automates disk cleanup of temp files?
Storage Sense (Settings > System > Storage)
79
What tool manages and monitors services state?
Services console (services.msc)
80
What advanced startup option disables driver signature enforcement temporarily?
Startup Settings (Advanced options) > Disable driver signature enforcement
81
Where do you reset Windows while keeping files or removing everything?
Settings > System > Recovery > Reset this PC
82
What is the difference between Reset (cloud) and Reset (local)?
Cloud downloads a fresh image; Local reinstalls from existing files
83
What is the Windows boot repair sequence to try in WinRE?
Startup Repair, then Command Prompt for bootrec/bcdedit as needed
84
What does bootrec /rebuildbcd do?
Scans for OS installations and rebuilds the BCD store
85
What are typical Storage Spaces resiliency options?
Simple (no resiliency), Two‑way mirror, Three‑way mirror, Parity
86
What Disk Management action changes a basic disk to dynamic?
Convert to Dynamic Disk (enables spanned/striped/mirrored volumes)
87
What Windows setting lets you change default app per file type?
Settings > Apps > Default apps
88
Where do you customize the taskbar behavior and icons?
Settings > Personalization > Taskbar
89
What view provides per‑process GPU/CPU/RAM usage?
Task Manager > Processes/Details; Performance tab for graphs
90
How do you identify which app uses the most battery on a laptop?
Settings > System > Power & battery > Battery usage
91
What is the quickest way to open Device Manager?
devmgmt.msc (or Win+X > Device Manager)
92
What GUI tool creates a system restore point manually?
System Protection tab (sysdm.cpl > System Protection > Create)
93
What is the purpose of Disk Cleanup?
Remove temporary/system files to free up space (cleanmgr)
94
What setting shows file extensions to aid troubleshooting?
File Explorer > Options > View > uncheck 'Hide extensions for known file types'
95
What is the maximum single file size on FAT32?
4 GB minus 1 byte
96
What are two reasons exFAT is preferred over FAT32 on large USB drives?
Supports very large files, less overhead; broadly compatible across OSes
97
Can Windows boot from ReFS volumes on client editions?
No; Windows client cannot boot from ReFS
98
What built‑in Windows AV provides real‑time protection?
Windows Security (Microsoft Defender Antivirus)
99
What tool schedules and automates maintenance scripts?
Task Scheduler (create tasks/triggers/actions/conditions)
100
What is the purpose of Reliability Monitor’s stability index?
Quantifies system stability to correlate failures with changes
101
What’s the fastest path to Advanced startup (WinRE) from Windows?
Settings > System > Recovery > Advanced startup > Restart now (or Shift + Restart)
102
What is the difference between System (boot) partition and Windows (OS) partition?
System/EFI contains boot files; Windows partition contains the OS and programs
103
What command shows disk partitions quickly?
diskpart > list disk / list volume (use with care)
104
What is the recommended partition scheme for modern Windows on UEFI systems?
GPT with EFI System Partition (ESP) and Windows partition
105
What tool checks and fixes file system errors on a volume?
chkdsk (e.g., chkdsk C: /f /r)
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