Chapter 14 - Cold War

Question 1

When did Nixon take office?

Answer 1

January 1969

Question 2

What 2 things did Nixon want for Vietnam?

Answer 2

Vietnamization and peace with honor

Question 3

What was the name of Nixon’s main policy in Vietnam?

Answer 3

Vietnamization

Question 4

What were the key features of the policy of Vietnamization?

Answer 4

Withdrawal of US troops in Vietnam and replacement by South Vietnamese forces
Strengthening of South Vietnam’s military machine

Question 5

What did Nixon hope to achieve with his Vietnamization policy domestically?

Answer 5

Strengthen his own political security as president

Question 6

Give details of Nixon’s withdrawing troops from Vietnam?

Answer 6

June 1969 - 543,00 to June 1972 - 47,000

Question 7

Give details of Nixon’s support for the ARVN?

Answer 7

820,000 to 1,000,000 troops between 1968 and 1970
Introduction of M-16 Armalite rifles and increase support in terms of weapons

Question 8

How did Nixon extend the war?

Answer 8

Bombed North Vietnamese bases in neutral Laos and Cambodia

Question 9

What did the Vietnamization policy do to Sino-US relations?

Answer 9

Improved them

Question 10

How was the Vietnamisation policy a success?

Answer 10

Transformed the military capabilities of the South Vietnamese army
Boost the morale of the ARVN with US support in bombing campaigns
Reduced the number of US troops, which brought domestic support

Question 11

How was the Vietnamisation policy ineffective?

Answer 11

Still low morale of the ARVN
High casualty rate
Made the ARVN dependent on the USA, and it remained a force fighting a political war rather than an effective fighting force

Question 12

Who was the advisor of national security affairs under Nixon?

Answer 12

Henry Kissinger

Question 13

How were the ARVN effective after Vietnamisation example?

Answer 13

In 1972, a North Vietnam offensive was stopped by the ARVN, with the north having 5 times more casualties

Question 14

How were the ARVN ineffective after Vietnamisation?

Answer 14

Morale still reamined low, high casualty rate, ARVN were still heavily dependent on USA support

Question 15

What was Operation Menu?

Answer 15

offensive bombing of Cambodia that the North Vietnamese saw as safe… aim to destroy supply lines, pressure the North to agreeing peace settlement, retain the confidence in South Vietnam

Question 16

When was Operation Menu?

Answer 16

March 1969

Question 17

Who were the anti-Nol group in Cambodia called?

Answer 17

Khmer Rouge

Question 18

What was caused by Nixon’s incursion into Cambodia?

Answer 18

Domestic protests - Kent state university 4 killed by the national guard
Wall street journal warned of deeper commitment in south east asia

Question 19

What was Operation Lam Son?

Answer 19

ARVN invasion into Loas with the backing of US air support

Question 20

How did the USA initially ease relations with China?

Answer 20

removed some trade controls and travel restrictions. Seen as a peeling off of restrictions rather then fully at once

Question 21

When did Kissinger visit Beijing?

Answer 21

July 1971

Question 22

When was the removal of some travel restrictions with China?

Answer 22

July 1969

Question 23

What problem was China seen to be?

Answer 23

The artichoke problem and the need for gradual peeling of restrictions

Question 24

What prevented China and the US becoming firm allies?

Answer 24

Failure to persuade China to pressure north Vietnam to engage in peace talks

Question 25

When did premilarily talks happen between North Vietnam and the USA?

Answer 25

May 1968