Chapter 18 - Cold War

Question 1

Why did China seek detente?

Answer 1

They needed Western scientific, technological and financial aid. Also their relationship with the USSR had broken down

Question 2

Why did the USSR want detente?

Answer 2

Wanted US acceptance of the Soviets nuclear parity with the west
Wanted to have peace with the west because of relations with China braking down.
Improved Sino-American relations created the urge for peace
Wanted the west to recognize post war Europe borders.

Question 3

Why did Europe want detente?

Answer 3

West Germany adapted a policy called ‘ostpolitik’. Look to establish trade with East Germany
In 1966, Willy Brandt wanted to achieve German reunification through detente.
After the Treaty of Rome 1957 - it led to a much more independent bloc of countries

Question 4

Why did the USA want detente?

Answer 4

Economy was stagnating
lost their authority in the world because of Vietnam
Used to put human rights on the international agenda
Need to trade with Eastern Europe and the USSR
Fear of nuclear war

Question 5

What was Nixon’s role in prompting the start of detente?

Answer 5

Accept the USSR as America’s nuclear equal

Question 6

By 1969 what was stopping Nixon quest for nuclear equality?

Answer 6

getting American troops out of Vietnam

Question 7

What was the main aim of the USSR’s policy towards the USA?

Answer 7

More constructive relationship with the United States

Question 8

Pros and cons of SALT I?

Answer 8

Pros - limited both the USSR and the USA to construct two fields of anti-ballistic missiles, each no more than 100 miles.
Cons - only lasted 5 years, which meant it was not permeantly guaranteed

Question 9

Pros and cons of the ABM treaty May 1972?

Answer 9

Pros - freeze on strategic missiles e.g. 1054 ICBMs for USA and 1618 for USSR
Cons: no defining limit on cruise missile systems, no provision for limitations on newly developed technology

Question 10

The Moscow Summit May 1972?

Answer 10

USA and USSR committed to normal relations based on the principles of sovereignty, equality, non-interference in internal affairs and mutual advantage.
Avoid military confrontations and acceptance of special responsibility to not increase international tensions.

Question 11

The Vladivostok Summit Part 1 pros and cons?

Answer 11

Pros - agreement on a 10 year framework towards moving to a SALT II treaty. Soviets agreed to equal levels of ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers
Cons - It became clear a smooth transition for Vladivostok to SALT II would not happen

Question 12

The Vladivostok Summit Part 2?

Answer 12

Reducing strategic systems from the 2400 level agreed to between 1800 and 2000.
Reduce number of launchers from missiles with MIRVs from 1320 to 1100
Reduce modern ICBMs to 150 and the numbber of launchers for ICBMs with MIRVs to 550.
Ban on development, testing, deployment of new ICBMs
Ban on cruise missiles

Question 13

Vienna summit June 1979?

Answer 13

Each publicly recognises the responsibility held by the other to control the arms race, avoid nuclear war and sustain detente

Question 14

What was the Four Power Agreement 1971?

Answer 14

Recognition of ‘two states within a German nation’
Legal basis given to travel access routes from West Germany to West Berlin
Vague wording of the agreement as to what the capital was

Question 15

What was the Basic Treaty 1972?

Answer 15

Hallstein treaty (1955) was now redundant
West Germany accepts existents of GDR as a separate state
Trade links established
GDR recognized by other European powers

Question 16

Helsinki Accords 1975?

Answer 16

Split into 3 baskets
basket 1 - security - respect for sovereignty and equality among states
rejection of the threat or use of nuclear force
recognition of existing frontiers
basket 2 - economy - addressed trade and industrial cooperation, transportation, science and technology, the promotion of tourism, the environment and issues concerning migrant labour.
basket 3 - society/human rights - focused on cultural and educational exchange

Question 17

When was Taiwan expelled from the security council of the UN?

Answer 17

1978

Question 18

What was the diplomacy called with China?

Answer 18

‘ping pong’ diplomacy

Question 19

How much did trade increase with China over a few years?

Answer 19

$5 million a year to $500 million a year

Question 20

Who was Willy Brandt?

Answer 20

Chancellor of Wear Germany

Question 21

What was the Basic Treaty 1973?

Answer 21

Recognized East and West Germany as sovereign independent states

Question 22

How many states participated in the Helsinki Accords?

Answer 22

35

Question 23

Which two arms related things did the USSR refuse to stop doing?

Answer 23

SS-20 missiles and stock of heavy missiles

Question 24

Who was Moa successor when he died in 1976?

Answer 24

Den Xiaopong

Question 25

What was the main obstacle for the normalisation of relations between China and the USA?

Answer 25

Taiwan