Why did Detente come to an end?
USSR activity in Africa
Developments in Iran - Shah overthrow by Islamic Revolution
Domestic problems for Carter
Rise of Neo-Conservatives
Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
Soviet violation of Helsinki accords
Key features of the second cold war?
US foreign policy became more ideological and anti-communist
Shift away from cooperation to confrontation ( SALT II not ratified by Senate) as well as sanctions imposed on the USSR.
US support for the mujahadeen
Increasingly defensive soviet leadership
Why was Carter a role in the end of detente?
Inexperienced in foreign policy
Had both doves and hawks influencing his policies meaning he was not always assertive.
seen as too soft on communism so was pressured.
depended on the USSR to remove troops in Afghanistan
Why could the USA be seen as the main blame for the end of detente?
Reagen doctrine which said the USA should take a harder stance on communism
American action in Iran caused there to be a revolution
SALT II not ratified by senate
Involvement in the proxy wars in America
Carters inconsistent policies
Why could the USSR be seen as the main blame for the end of detente?
Invasion into Afghanistan annoyed the Americans and they called it ‘callous’
soviet violation of Helsinki Accords in Afghanistan
soviet difficulties in Eastern Europe such as Poland with the solidarity movement
Why was the Persian Gulf so significant to the USA?
Supported the Shah of Iran was who was a key ally to the USA
Region was essential to the USA’s oil assets particularly during the 73/74 crisis
Pakistan and Saudi Arabia were important allies and the Gulf was crucial for trade
Why Afghanistan was so important to the USSR?
Shared 2500km of border and border areas predominantly muslim
seen as a buffer state between the US interests within the region
became a socialist ally when the communist group had a coup in 1978
USSR concerned about political instability as the muslim majority not happy with the coup.
Brezhnev doctrine 1968 - committed to help communist allies
Who was Taraki?
New leader of Afghanistan - pro ussr
What policies were implemented by Taraki?
land taken from large owners
women not to wear viels and literacy classes alongside men
How did the muslim majority respond to Taraki policies?
threatened ancient customs/destroyed islamic traditions
What was the response of Brezhnev and the USSR to developments in Afghanistan?
wanted to talk sense into Kabul and other islamic countries supported the jihad movement
What year was the Shah of Iran overthrown?
1979
What problems did the Afghan army face and what did they want from the USSR?
wanted soviet troops as many had deserted
What happened in Herat in March 1979?
massacre which killed soviet advisers and children
Who was Amin and why did the USSR plan to remove him from power?
prime minister of Afghanistan and his policies were very harsh with people getting shot
What problems were happening in Afghanistan by late 1979?
Amin had Taraki executed
Amin was seen to be ‘flirting’ with the Americans
What did the USA boycott in 1980?
1980 Moscow olympics
What was Reagans attitude to the USSR?
called the USSR the ‘evil empire’
Reagen doctrine - assist anti communist regimes in Afghanistan, Nicaragua and Grenada
Reagans first term in office?
Focused on restoring USA strength and pride
By 1985 30% of the defence budget was spent on the military/nuclear weapons
Restriced the latest oil and gas technology being sent to the USSR
Why was Reagan a contributing factor to the start of the second cold war and the ending of detente?
Believed America were lagging in the arms race and so detente was strained as America restarted the arms race
How significant is Reagan’s significance in relation to other factors?
He called the USSR an evil empire and was very anti communist so was significant for the ending of detente
What did Reagan return to in terms of US Policy?
Unilateralism - based on relying on the states own resources and thereby acting as an individual state
What did the UK allow America to do in 1986?
Bomb Libya using F-1111 bombers
What was solidarity?
the first independent polish trade workers union - 300,000 workers went on strike to protest against govt imposed prices
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Chapter 1 - Tudors16
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Chapter 2 - Tudors24
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Chapter 3 - Tudors24
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Chapter 4 - Tudors12
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Chapter 5 - Tudors22
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Chapter 6 - Tudors12
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Chapter 7 - Tudors17
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Chapter 8-9 - Tudors28
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Chapter 10 - Tudors19
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Chapter 11 - Tudors9
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English Society under the reign of Henry VIII16
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Chapter 12 - Tudors21
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Government in Henry VIII last years20
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Chapter 1 - Cold War8
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Chapter 2 - Cold War23
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Chapter 3 - Cold War9
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Chapter 4 - Cold War28
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Chapter 5 - Cold War25
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Chapter 6 - Cold War10
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Chapter 7 - Cold War9
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Chapter 8 - Cold War16
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Chapter 9 - Cold War12
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Chapter 10 - Cold War24
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Chapter 11 - Cold War20
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Chapter 12 - Cold War24
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Chapter 13 - Cold War16
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Chapter 14 - Cold War25
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Chapter 15 - Cold War12
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Chapter 16 - Cold War28
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Chapter 17 - Cold War25
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Chapter 18 - Cold War25
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Chapter 13 and 14 - Tudors28
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Chapter 15-16 - Tudors19
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Chapter 19 - Cold War33
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Chapter 20 - Cold War27
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Chapter 21 - Cold War25
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Chapter 22 - Cold War15
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Chapter 23 - Cold War22
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Chapter 24 - Cold War9
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Chapter 17-18 Tudors43
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Chapter 19 - Tudors23
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Chapter 20 - Tudors46
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Chapter 21/22 - Tudors49
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Chapter 23 - Tudors26
