Chapter 5 - Cold War

Question 1

Who was the Emperor of Japan

Answer 1

Hirohito

Question 2

Who became the governor of Japan?

Answer 2

Douglas MacArthur

Question 3

Who was the economic advisor for US policy in both Japan and Germany

Answer 3

Joseph Morell Dodge

Question 4

What was the US policy towards Japan before 1947?

Answer 4

sole occupation of the country
Rebuilding - re-education, democratization, economic reform, demilitarization
Took large amounts of reparations

Question 5

What was ‘reverse course’?

Answer 5

Policy meaning the USA focused on developing democratic institutions and an emphasis on economic reconstruction to create stability rather then punishing Japan

Question 6

What was Americas motivation to help Japan?

Answer 6

To avoid it becoming communist

Question 7

What factors led to economic stabilization to Japan?

Answer 7

stricter lending criteria
balanced budget
wage controls
price controls
regulation of trade

Question 8

What is meant by ‘Super balanced budget’?

Answer 8

The target surplus of $4 million dollars

Question 9

What agreement did the Japan agree with the West to reduce the power of China and what diplomacy is the USA using?

Answer 9

General Agreement on Tariffs and trade - dollar diplomacy

Question 10

What were the initial consequences of Joseph Dodge’s budget?

Answer 10

Increased unemployment due to business closures

Question 11

Who did the trading agreement prevent Japan trading with?

Answer 11

China

Question 12

Who was Shigeru Yoshida?

Answer 12

Keen supporter of Japan imperialism but rehabilitated.
Focused on economic recovery and accepted US protection for Japan which became known as the Yoshida Doctrine
Highly influenced Japan Cold War Policies

Question 13

What did Dulles see USSR as?

Answer 13

Ideologically and strategically expansionist

Question 14

Why did Japan’s Strategic importance to the US change after 1950?

Answer 14

Because China formed a military alliance with USSR in Jan 1950 and so needed protection from communism

Question 15

What was the San Francisco peace treaty and when was it?

Answer 15

September 1951
.Did not place place restrictions on Japan economy
Did not blame them for the war
did not restrictions them from future rearmament
unrestricted use of bases in Japan
gave USA control of the island of Owkinawa

Question 16

How many National Police Reserve were to be trained by the USA?

Answer 16

75,000

Question 17

By June 1954, what changes had been made to Japan and it’s military capabilities?

Answer 17

New 140,000 self defense force was created by US funding of $240 million

Question 18

Who was the leader of the Chinese Nationalist Party?

Answer 18

Jiang Jieshi

Question 19

Who won the civil war in China in 1949?

Answer 19

Chinese Communist Party

Question 20

Why did Dean Acheson want to keep US policy a secret?

Answer 20

did not want to be seen as an ‘imperialist menace’

Question 21

Why was the White Paper damaging to the USA?

Answer 21

Said that China had fallen to communism even after US intervention

Question 22

When was the Defensive Perimeter Strategy?

Answer 22

January 1950

Question 23

What did the Defensive perimeter strategy fail to include?

Answer 23

South Korea

Question 24

What caused the USA to look at it’s fundamental objectives by 1950?

Answer 24

USSR tested it’s own atomic bomb in 1949 and the loss of China to communism

Question 25

Key recommendations made by NSC-68?

Answer 25

must increase general air, ground and sea strength, atomic capabilities and civilian defenses