Human Physiology > CHapter 19 > Flashcards

CHapter 19 Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Vasoconstrictors

A

Endothelin, thromboxane

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2
Q

Vasodilators

A

Histamine, NO, CO2, ADP

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3
Q

What do fluid shifts do

A

Decrease plasma volume, BP, increase interstitial volume, make someone faint

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4
Q

Fluid shift event

A

Fluid moving in/out of capillaries

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5
Q

Vasomotion

A

Constriction/dilation of precapillary sphincters due to local chemicals

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6
Q

Vasomotor tone

A

Degree of constriction/relaxation in blood vessels.

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7
Q

Vagal tone

A

Vagus nerve activity

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8
Q

What events promote blood flow to the heart?

A

Hiccup, breathing events (minus sneeze), ventricular expansion

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9
Q

Blood hydrostatic pressure

A

Pushes water from plasma into interstitial fluid

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10
Q

Blood osmotic pressure

A

Keeps excess fluid from leaking into tissues

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11
Q

Interstitial osmotic pressure

A

exerted by proteins in the interstitial fluid, which helps to draw water from the blood plasma into the surrounding tissues.

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12
Q

Interstitial hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure exerted by fluid in the interstitial spaces between cells, playing a crucial role in fluid dynamics and maintaining cellular health.

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13
Q

Increasing aortic body activity

A

Measure partial pressures of O2 and CO2 and blood pH

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14
Q

Where are elastic arteries

A

Thoracic cavity, attached to the heart and muscular arteries

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15
Q

What do elastic arteries do

A

Conduct arteries

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16
Q

Increasing vasomotor tone makes capillaries (constrict/dilate)

A

Constrict

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17
Q

Where do venules receive blood from

A

capillaries

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18
Q

Kortokoff is most related to

A

Blood turbulence- it’s a meaasure of hearing for blood pressure

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19
Q

Active hyperemia

A

increase in blood flow because of more metabolic activity,
Related to- local vasodilators, histamine, NO, Higher temperature

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20
Q

What would inhibit venous blood flow from the thigh to the heart?

A

A cough

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21
Q

What can decrease peripheral resistance?

A

Increasing basophil secretions

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22
Q

Carotid body activity

A

Detects changes in arterial blood oxygen levels
Related- Causes a decrease in CIC activity

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23
Q

Vasoconstrictor released from the neurohypo[hysis

A

ADH

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24
Q

______Receptor activity has a positive effect on vasomotor ton

A

chemo

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25
CO2 and H+ function as local
Vasodilators
26
Angiotensin has a positive effect on
thirst
27
____receptor activity has a negative effect on vasomotor tone
baro
28
____ resistance can help move blood into more vital regions
peripheral
29
Enzyme in lung capillaries that is important in BP regulation
ACE
30
Vasoconstrictor derived from plasma protein from the liver
Angiotensin
31
Corticosteroid important in sodium refulation
Aldosteron
32
Ion excreted in response to a hormone released from the heart
Sodium
33
Pituitary hormone important in BP regulation
Vasopressin
34
Heart structures that release a hormone in response to high BP
Atria
35
Blood _____ has a positive effect on BP
volume
36
This chemical released from active cells can cause local vasodilation
ADP
37
Enzyme in kidney that modifies angiotensin
renin
38
More vagal tone normally coincides with more/less vasomotor tone
less
39
Acronym for the BP regulation system involving a mineralocorticoid
RAAS
40
Plasma protein modified in the kidneys/lungs
Angiotensin
41
A ____ system moves blood through two separate capillary beds before the blood moves back to the heart.
Portal
42
direction connection between an artery and vein is called an ____
Anastomosis
43
High blood pressure squeezing blood out of capillaries into surrounding tissues is called ____ ____.
Fluid shift
44
Large, elastic arteries are also called ____ arteries.
Conducting
45
Large-lumened capillaries found in the liver are called ____.
Sinusoids
46
The blood pressure in the brachial artery when the left ventricle is relaxed is called ____ pressure.
Diastolic
47
The periodic contraction and relaxation of precapillary sphincters due to local chemicals is called ____.
Vasomotion
48
Muscular arteries, which are smaller than elastic arteries, are also called ____ arteries.
Distributing
49
The ____ center in the medulla oblongata is the part of the cardiovascular center that regulates blood vessel diameter.
Vasomitor
50
A Valsalva maneuver actually reduces venous return temporarily due to high thoracic pressure, not increases appendage flow. Correct answer: B. X is the potent vasoconstrictor. Correct answer
ADH
51
Endothelin is a vaso
constrictor
52
The myogenic response is caused by x, leading to X,
stretch, vessel constriction
53
Reactive hyperemia = increased flow
after temporary occlusion.
54
X peripheral resistance raises afterload on the heart.
Increased (not decreased)
55
First, Ca²⁺ binds to X, then MLCK phosphorylates myosin. Correct: B.
calmodulin
56
Baroreceptors are stretched more with X BP
higher
57
Increased [H⁺] (low pH) causes X in the intestines, but X in the brain. The question asked about the intestines
vasoconstriction, vasodilation
58
Blood osmotic pressureX along the capillary because plasma proteins don’t leave
stays about the same
59
The S–T segment corresponds to ventricular contraction and ejection, when BP in X is highest.
arteries
60
Dephosphorylating myosin light chain
causes relaxation
61
Bradykinin and prostaglandins cause
LOCAL vasodilation
62
(BOP + IHP) > (BHP + IOP) →
fluid enters capillary.
63
Dephosphorylating myosin light chain
stops contraction → relaxation.
64
Leg muscle contraction
compresses veins → pushes blood toward heart.
65
Endothelin acts mainly on
muscular arteries and arterioles (strong smooth muscle walls)
66
Active and reactive hyperemia are caused by
Accumulation od metabolic byproducts
67
Angiotensin II is/n't responsible for initiating a chemoreceptor reflex that increases peripheral resistance
Isn't
68
Thoroughfare channels contain de/oxygenated blood
deoxygenated
69
Which axes can capillaries experince vasoconstriction on?
Latitude
70
Can re/active hyperemia be due to the same local channels?
Yes
71
What's the main factor promoting the movement of water into the venous end of a capillary?
Blood osmotic pressure
Human Physiology
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