Chapter 7 notes

Question 1

What makes up the integumentary system?

Answer 1

Skin and derivatives (sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, hai, nails)

Question 2

Functions of skin

Answer 2

Protection
Thermoregulation
Sensation, temporary awareness
Excretion
Storage (fat, blood)
Vitamin D synthesis
Intentification
Communication

Question 3

What layer of skin determines skin thickness?

Answer 3

Epidermis

Question 4

What does the epidermis rest on?

Answer 4

Basement membrane

Question 5

Eccrine sweat glands

Answer 5

Watery sweat, thermorefulationA

Question 6

Apocrine sweat

Answer 6

Viscous (not oil!)

Question 7

What sweat glands are activated in puberty? What switches them on?

Answer 7

Apocrine, sex hormones

Question 8

Pacinian

Answer 8

Pressure

Question 9

Interdigitation

Answer 9

Interlocking like fingers

Question 10

Is there blood in the epidermis?

Answer 10

No

Question 11

What are apocrime glands the equivalent to

Answer 11

Musk glands

Question 12

Calcitriol

Answer 12

Active vitamin D- precursor is made in teh epidermis

Question 13

Calbindin

Answer 13

Calcium binding protein

Question 14

What is the most common type of skin cell?

Answer 14

Keratinocyte

Question 15

How do nutrients get to the epidermis?

Answer 15

Diffusion

Question 16

Spinosum cells

Answer 16

Look prickly when dehydrated in lab

Question 17

What happens to spinosum cells when they migrate up?

Answer 17

They start to die

Question 18

Where are granules released?

Answer 18

Lucidum

Question 19

Corneum

Answer 19

Keratin fibrils and membranes only

Question 20

What do keratin filaments get turned into?

Answer 20

Fibrils

Question 21

Langerhans/dendritic cell

Answer 21

Long projections

Question 22

Macrophages-

Answer 22

Eat pathogens when they crawl between ketatinocyte gaps

Question 23

Basal

Answer 23

Single layer- mostly keratinocytes with a few melanocytes. lausmahey, merkel cells

Question 24

What do keratinocytes make?

Answer 24

FIlaments of keratin polypeptides- one stays at the basement membrane, one gets pushed up

Question 25

Where do tonofilaments form?

Answer 25

Spinosum

Question 26

Granulosum

Answer 26

3 layers- granules of keratohyalin form. Keratin and profilaggrin helps tonofilaments aggregate into thicker fibrils

Question 27

Filagrins change into __________ to help keep skin moist

Answer 27

Natural moisturizing factors

Question 28

where do keratohyalins change? WHat do they change into?

Answer 28

Lucidum, eleidin

Question 29

Tonofilaments --> ______ --> _________

Answer 29

hyalin, eleidin

Question 30

When a skin cell flakes off, what's it made of?

Answer 30

Cell membrane filled with keratin

Question 31

Corneum

Answer 31

Thickest layer, dead keratinocytes. Flat squame cells. Cell membranes srrounding densely packed fibrils. Desmosomes break, cells peel away

Question 32

Dendrites _____ melanosomes

Question 33

How does melanin get into a keratinocyte?

Answer 33

It's deposited by a motor protein to the sunny side of the nucleus, where iuv light was filtered

Question 34

Dehydrocholesterol, cholcalciferol, calcidiol, calcium, calbindin, calcium

Question 35

Tension lines are based on

Answer 35

Collagen fiber orientation

Question 36

Collagen fibers are paralell to __________. Minimizes ____________-

Answer 36

movement, damage and scarring

Question 37

Reticular plexus

Answer 37

Largest vessels between dermis and hypodermis.

Question 38

Is there a surplus of blood in the skin? Why or why not/

Answer 38

Yes, reserve for serious injiury

Question 39

Calcitriol

Answer 39

Precursor to calbindin, steroid hormone

Question 40

Calbindin

Answer 40

Calcium binfing protein

Question 41

Where is melanin made? Where does it go?

Answer 41

Melanocytes, melanosomes

Question 42

What is the papillary region made of?

Answer 42

Loose connective tissue with blood vessels to the rpidermis

Question 43

What's the other part of the dermis made of that's not the papillary region?

Answer 43

Reticular dermis- plexus

Question 44

Matrix

Answer 44

Where something grows from

Question 45

Cuticle of hair

Answer 45

Outer layer of dead keratinocytes- like roof of a house

Question 46

What part of a hair has the most mass?

Answer 46

Cortex

Question 47

Medilla of the hair

Answer 47

Marrow

Question 48

Eccrine sudoiferous glands

Answer 48

Transport sweat

Question 49

Merocrine glands

Question 50

Free sebaceous glands

Answer 50

Tube goes straight to the surface

Question 51

Holocrine sebaceous

Answer 51

Cells lining it die and get droken into pieces, making the oil that's excreted

Question 52

APOCrine glands

Answer 52

A Piece Of the Cell breaks loose to pish stuff out

Question 53

Arrector pilli is always on the _____ side

Answer 53

Obtuse

Question 54

Anagen

Answer 54

Growth phase

Question 55

Catagen

Answer 55

Growth slows and stops- firly attached

Question 56

Telogen

Answer 56

Hair falls out painlessly